Part I Practices that Inhibit Invention, Discovery, and Innovation and the Development of Science and Technology.- 1 Authority: Experts and Consensus as Barriers to Invention, Discovery, and Innovation.- 2 Authority: Government's Science and Technology Policy and its Consequences as Barriers to Invention, Discovery, and Innovation.- 3 Authority: Expert Opinion, Consensus, and its Consequences as Barriers to Invention, Discovery, and Innovation.- 4 Authority: Spurious Execution of Experiments, Analysis of Data, and Interpretation of Data, that Leads to Spurious Conclusions as Barriers to Invention, Discovery, and Innovation.- Part II Practices that Promote Invention, Discovery, and Innovation in Science and Technology.- 5 Practices that Promote Invention, Discovery, and Innovation in Science and Technology: Curiosity, Skepticism, Critical Thinking, Risk-taking, and Interdisciplinary Education.- 6 Why These Medical Devices Received Widespread Clinical Acceptance While Many Other Promising Devices Failed to do so?.- Part III The Human Eye: A Window to the World.- 7 Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Eye.- 8 The Human Visual System (Eye and Brain).- 9 Optical Properties of the Human Eye.- Part IV Eye-to-Eye: Observing the Human Eye, Visual Optical Instruments.- 11 Goldmann's Slit Lamp Microscopy, Focal Illumination, and Optical Sectioning.- 12 Scheimpflug and His Camera.- 13 Maurice and His Specular Microscope.- Part V Detector-to-Eye: New Technology for Imaging the Human Eye.- 14 The Confocal Microscope.- 15 The Fundus Camera, Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Angiography.- 16 The Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO).- 17 Optical Aberrations and Adaptive Optics (AO).- 18 Optical Low-Coherence Tomography (OCT).- 19 The Importance of Responsible Conduct of Research.- Index.