Propulsion systems for space

This study conducted by the EPO and the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) investigates the development of the technology of propulsion in space technology. The significance of propulsion capabilities stems from their transversal enabling role for a spectrum of applications, including access to space; collision avoidance; on-orbit servicing, assembly, manufacturing or space exploration. Space propulsion systems have seen a strong increase in patent activity within the last 20 years (especially since 2011) of an average of 9% annually.