Even though most of the Earth's surface is covered withwater, most of it is not directly usable for human consumption orapplications. As the population increases and our general style ofliving standards increase, the importance useable water is becomingacute. This book addresses this issue with approaches to treatingwater sources that require removal of unwanted or dissolvedsubstances. In particular, it covers various methods for removingdissolved ionic materials. There are numerous methods foraccomplishing this end, and the book reviews most of them in somedepth.
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsgruppe
Produkt-Hinweis
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-1-118-10471-2 (9781118104712)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Preface.
Acknowledgements.
Introduction.
1. Water Contaminants and Their Removal.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Technology, History, and Background.
1.3 Application Areas: Electrochemical Technology WaterProcessing.
2. Basic Electrochemical and Physical Principles.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Acidity and Alkalinity, pH.
2.3 Activity and Activity Coefficients.
2.4 Equilibrium and Dissociation Constants.
2.5 Electrode, or Half Cell Potential.
2.6 Chemical Potential Definition.
2.7 Concentration Potential.
2.8 Equivalent Conductance.
2.9 Free Energy and Equilibrium.
2.10 Dissociation Constants.
2.11 Ionic Conductance and Mobility.
2.12 Osmotic Pressure.
2.13 Diffusion (Flick's Law).
3. Systems Description: General Outlines of BasicApproaches.
3.1 Electrodialysis.
3.2 pH Control: Analytic Development.
3.3 Biociding Technology.
3.4 Ion Exchange Resin Regeneration System.
3.5 Metals Reclamation.
4. Mathematical Analysis & Modeling ElectrodialysisSystems.
4.1 Electrodialysis: Descriptions and Definitions.
4.2 Basic Assumptions and Operating Parameters.
4.3 Parametric Analysis: Flow-Through Configuration.
4.4 Flow-Through Design Exercises.
4.5 Batch Process Analysis: Re-Circulating or Static WaterProcessing System.
4.6 Design Exercises for Water Re-Circulation Systems.
4.7 Cell Potential and Membrane Resistance Contributions.
4.8 Diffusion Losses of Ions and Molecules Across Membranes.
5. System Design Exercises & Examples.
5.1 Electrolytic Generation of Bromine and Chlorine: DesignProcedures.
5.2 Simple Estimate of Capital Equipment and Operating Cost ofElectrochemical Desalination Apparatus.
5.3 Cost Estimates Outline for an Electrodialysis De-ionizingSystem.
6. Applications Discussion.
6.1 Demineralizer: Electrodialysis.
6.2 Reseidentialwater Softener.
6.3 Electrical Water Processor Portable Design.
Appendix A: Some Physical Constants and ConversionFactors.
Appendix B: Conductance and Solubility.
Appendix C: Feeder Tube and Common ManifoldingLosses.
Appendix D: Variable Current Density.
Appendix E: Mathematical Analysis: Water pH Control Cell andIon Exchange Resin Regeneration.
Appendix F: Industrial Chlorination and Bromination EquipmentCost Estimates.
Appendix G: Design Mathematics in Computer Format.
Appendix H: Mathematics for Simple ElectrochemicalBiociding.
Bibliography.
Index.
Also of Interest.
