Chemo-Enzymatic Cascade Reactions

1 Introduction
1.1 Advantages of Enzyme Catalysis
1.1.1 Chemo-selectivity
1.1.2 Regioselectivity
1.1.3 Stereoselectivity
1.1.4 Mild Reaction Conditions
1.2 Modes of Chemo-enzymatic transformations
1.2.1 "separate-pot-two-step" mode
1.2.2 "one-pot-two-step" mode
1.2.3 "one-pot-one-step" mode
1.3 Summary and outlooks
2 "Separate-Pot Two-Step" Chemo-Enzymatic Transformation
2.1 Lipases
2.2 Nitrilases
2.3 Carbonyl reductases
2.4 Ene reductases
2.5. Transaminases
2.6 Imine reductases
2.7 Cytochromes P450s
2.8 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs)
2.9 Aldolases
2.10 Epoxide hydrolases
2.11 Other Enzymes
2.12 Integration of Multi-Enzyme Cascade with Chemical Transformation
2.13 Summary and outlooks
3. One-Pot Sequential Chemoenzymatic Reactions
3.1 Lipases and Esterases
3.2 Carbonyl Reductases
3.3 Ene Reductases
3.4 Transaminases
3.5 Epoxide hydrolases (EHs)
3. 6 Other Enzymes
3.6.1 Aldolases
3.6.2 Halohydrin Dehalogenases
3.6.3 Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases
3.6.4 D-amino Acid Dehydrogenases (DAADHs)
3.6.5 Halogenases
3.6.6 Imine Reductases
3.6.7 Decarboxylases
3.6.8 Cytochrome P450s
3.6.9 Hydroxynitrile Lyases
3.6.10 Nitrilases
3.6.11 Laccases
3.6.12 Transglutaminases
3.6.13 a-Ketoglutarate-Dependent (a-KG) non-Heme Iron Oxygenases
3.6.14 Galactose Oxidases
3.6.15 FAD-Dependent Monooxygenases
3.7 Summary and outlooks
4. Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
4.1 Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution
4.2 Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
4.3 Racemization techniques
4.4 DKR of Chiral Alcohols
4.5 DKR of Chiral Amines
4.6 DKR of Other Compounds
5. Chemo-enzymatic Concurrent Deracemization
5.1 Deracemization of Amino acids and Amines
5.2 Deracemization of Hydroxy Acids and Alcohols
5.3 Deracemization of Chiral Sulfoxides
5.4 Summary and outlooks
6. One-pot Concurrent Chemo-Enzymatic Reactions
6.1 One-pot concurrent chemo-enzymatic cascades
6.1.1 Lipases
6.1.2 Carbonyl Reductases
6.1.3 Enoate Reductases
6.1.4 Transaminases
6.1.5 Monoamine Oxidases
6.1.6 Cytochrome P450s
6.1.7 Halohydrin Dehalogenases
6.1.8 Vanadium Haloperoxidases
6.1.9 Laccases
6.2 Integration of Chemical Reaction with Metabolism of Living Organisms
6.3 One-pot Concurrent Chemo-Enzymatic Cascades via Compartmentalization
6.4 Summary and outlooks
7. Photo-Catalytic and Biocatalytic Cascade Transformations
7.1 Photoenzymes
7.2 Light-Activation of Redox Enzymes without Co-factor Regeneration
7.3 Light-Activated Co-factor Regeneration for Redox Enzymes
7.4 Photo-Induced Catalytic Promiscuity of Redox Enzymes
7.5 Photocatalysis and Biocatalysis Cascades
7.5 Summary and outlooks
8. Perspectives