The Development of Catalysis

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - Title Page [Seite 5]
3 - Copyright [Seite 6]
4 - Contents [Seite 7]
5 - Preface [Seite 11]
6 - Chapter 1 From the Onset to the First Large-Scale Industrial Processes [Seite 13]
6.1 - 1.1 Origin of the Catalytic Era [Seite 13]
6.2 - 1.2 Berzelius and the Affinity Theory of Catalysis [Seite 16]
6.3 - 1.3 Discovery of the Occurrence of Catalytic Processes in Living Systems in the Nineteenth Century [Seite 18]
6.4 - 1.4 Kinetic Interpretation of Catalytic Processes in Solutions: The Birth of Homogeneous Catalysis [Seite 20]
6.5 - 1.5 Onset of Heterogeneous Catalysis [Seite 30]
6.6 - 1.6 First Large-Scale Industrial Processes Based on Heterogeneous Catalysts [Seite 38]
6.6.1 - 1.6.1 Sulfuric Acid Synthesis [Seite 38]
6.6.2 - 1.6.2 Ammonia Problem [Seite 41]
6.6.3 - 1.6.3 Ammonia Oxidation Process [Seite 44]
6.6.4 - 1.6.4 Ammonia Synthesis [Seite 45]
6.7 - 1.7 Fischer-Tropsch Catalytic Process [Seite 52]
6.8 - 1.8 Methanol Synthesis [Seite 56]
6.9 - 1.9 Acetylene Production and Utilization [Seite 58]
6.10 - 1.10 Anthraquinone Process for Hydrogen Peroxide Production [Seite 59]
6.11 - References [Seite 61]
7 - Chapter 2 Historical Development of Theories of Catalysis [Seite 71]
7.1 - 2.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis [Seite 71]
7.2 - 2.2 Chemical Kinetics and the Mechanisms of Catalysis [Seite 74]
7.3 - 2.3 Electronic Theory of Catalysis: Active Sites [Seite 84]
7.4 - References [Seite 88]
8 - Chapter 3 Catalytic Processes Associated with Hydrocarbons and the Petroleum Industry [Seite 95]
8.1 - 3.1 Petroleum and Polymer Eras [Seite 95]
8.2 - 3.2 Catalytic Cracking, Isomerization, and Alkylation of Petroleum Fractions [Seite 96]
8.3 - 3.3 Reforming Catalysts [Seite 103]
8.4 - 3.4 Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Processes [Seite 105]
8.5 - 3.5 Hydrocarbon Hydrogenation Reactions with Heterogeneous Catalysts [Seite 106]
8.6 - 3.6 Olefin Polymerization: Ziegler-Natta, Metallocenes, and Phillips Catalysts [Seite 110]
8.7 - 3.7 Selective Oxidation Reactions [Seite 121]
8.7.1 - 3.7.1 Alkane Oxidation [Seite 121]
8.7.2 - 3.7.2 Olefin Oxidation [Seite 122]
8.7.3 - 3.7.3 Aromatic Compounds Oxidation [Seite 123]
8.8 - 3.8 Ammoximation and Oxychlorination of Olefins [Seite 125]
8.9 - 3.9 Ethylbenzene and Styrene Catalytic Synthesis [Seite 129]
8.10 - 3.10 Heterogeneous Metathesis [Seite 130]
8.11 - 3.11 Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene from Hydrocarbon Feedstocks [Seite 131]
8.12 - References [Seite 133]
9 - Chapter 4 Surface Science Methods in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century [Seite 143]
9.1 - 4.1 Real Dispersed Catalysts versus Single Crystals: A Decreasing Gap [Seite 143]
9.2 - 4.2 Physical Methods for the Study of Dispersed Systems and Real Catalysts [Seite 144]
9.3 - 4.3 Surface Science of Single-Crystal Faces and of Well-defined Systems [Seite 151]
9.4 - References [Seite 159]
10 - Chapter 5 Development of Homogeneous Catalysis and Organocatalysis [Seite 167]
10.1 - 5.1 Introductory Remarks [Seite 167]
10.2 - 5.2 Homogeneous Acid and Bases as Catalysts: G. Olah Contribution [Seite 168]
10.3 - 5.3 Organometallic Catalysts [Seite 173]
10.4 - 5.4 Asymmetric Epoxidation Catalysts [Seite 187]
10.5 - 5.5 Olefin Oligomerization Catalysts [Seite 191]
10.6 - 5.6 Organometallic Metathesis [Seite 192]
10.7 - 5.7 Cross-Coupling Reactions [Seite 198]
10.8 - 5.8 Pd(II)-Based Complexes and Oxidation of Methane to Methanol [Seite 202]
10.9 - 5.9 Non-transition Metal Catalysis, Organocatalysis, and Organo-Organometallic Catalysis Combination [Seite 203]
10.9.1 - 5.9.1 Metal-Free Hydrogen Activation and Hydrogenation [Seite 204]
10.9.2 - 5.9.2 Amino Catalysis [Seite 205]
10.10 - 5.10 Bio-inspired Homogeneous Catalysts [Seite 206]
10.11 - References [Seite 207]
11 - Chapter 6 Material Science and Catalysis Design [Seite 217]
11.1 - 6.1 Metallic Catalysts [Seite 217]
11.2 - 6.2 Oxides and Mixed Oxides [Seite 220]
11.2.1 - 6.2.1 SiO2 and SiO2-Based Catalysts and Processes [Seite 221]
11.2.2 - 6.2.2 Al2O3 and Al2O3-Based Catalysts and Processes [Seite 223]
11.2.3 - 6.2.3 SiO2-Al2O3- and SiO2-Al2O3-Based Catalysts and Processes [Seite 223]
11.2.4 - 6.2.4 MgO- and MgO-Based Catalysts and Processes [Seite 224]
11.2.5 - 6.2.5 ZrO2 and ZrO2-Based Catalysts and Processes [Seite 224]
11.3 - 6.3 Design of Catalysts with Shape and Transition-State Selectivity [Seite 225]
11.4 - 6.4 Zeolites and Zeolitic Materials: Historical Details [Seite 226]
11.5 - 6.5 Zeolites and Zeolitic Materials Structure [Seite 230]
11.6 - 6.6 Shape-Selective Reactions Catalyzed by Zeolites and Zeolitic Materials [Seite 233]
11.6.1 - 6.6.1 Alkanes- and Alkene-Cracking and Isomerization [Seite 234]
11.6.2 - 6.6.2 Aromatic Ring Positional Isomerizations [Seite 235]
11.6.3 - 6.6.3 Synthesis of Ethyl Benzene, Cumene, and Alkylation of Aromatic Molecules [Seite 236]
11.6.4 - 6.6.4 Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Aromatic Molecules [Seite 237]
11.6.5 - 6.6.5 Toluene Alkylation with Methanol [Seite 237]
11.6.6 - 6.6.6 Asaki Process for Cyclohexanol Synthesis [Seite 238]
11.6.7 - 6.6.7 Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) Process [Seite 238]
11.6.8 - 6.6.8 Nitto Process [Seite 239]
11.6.9 - 6.6.9 Butylamine Synthesis [Seite 239]
11.6.10 - 6.6.10 Beckman Rearrangements on Silicalite Catalyst [Seite 239]
11.6.11 - 6.6.11 Partial Oxidation Reactions Using Titanium Silicalite [Seite 239]
11.6.12 - 6.6.12 Nylon-6 Synthesis: The Role of Zeolitic Catalysts [Seite 241]
11.6.13 - 6.6.13 Pharmaceutical Product Synthesis [Seite 241]
11.7 - 6.7 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Zeolitic Materials and Inorganic Microporous Solids [Seite 242]
11.7.1 - 6.7.1 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Zeolitic Materials [Seite 242]
11.7.2 - 6.7.2 ETS-10: A Microporous Material Containing Monodimensional TiO2 Chains [Seite 243]
11.7.3 - 6.7.3 Hydrotalcites: Microporous Solids with Exchangeable Anions [Seite 244]
11.8 - 6.8 Microporous Polymers and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) [Seite 244]
11.8.1 - 6.8.1 Microporous Polymers [Seite 244]
11.8.2 - 6.8.2 Metal-organic Frameworks [Seite 246]
11.9 - References [Seite 247]
12 - Chapter 7 Photocatalysis [Seite 255]
12.1 - 7.1 Photochemistry and Photocatalysis: Interwoven Branches of Science [Seite 255]
12.2 - 7.2 Photochemistry Onset [Seite 257]
12.3 - 7.3 Physical Methods in Photochemistry [Seite 261]
12.4 - 7.4 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Photocatalysis [Seite 263]
12.5 - 7.5 Natural Photosynthesis as Model of Photocatalysis [Seite 265]
12.6 - 7.6 Water Splitting, CO2 Reduction, and Pollutant Degradation: The Most Investigated Artificial Photocatalytic Processes [Seite 268]
12.6.1 - 7.6.1 Water Splitting [Seite 269]
12.6.2 - 7.6.2 CO2 Photoreduction [Seite 273]
12.6.3 - 7.6.3 Photocatalysis in Environmental Protection [Seite 275]
12.7 - References [Seite 276]
13 - Chapter 8 Enzymatic Catalysis [Seite 281]
13.1 - 8.1 Early History of Enzymes [Seite 281]
13.2 - 8.2 Proteins and Their Role in Enzymatic Catalysis [Seite 285]
13.3 - 8.3 Enzymes/Coenzymes Structure and Catalytic Activity [Seite 296]
13.4 - 8.4 Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis [Seite 300]
13.5 - 8.5 Biocatalysis [Seite 306]
13.6 - References [Seite 307]
14 - Chapter 9 Miscellanea [Seite 311]
14.1 - 9.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis in Prebiotic Chemistry [Seite 311]
14.2 - 9.2 Opportunities for Catalysis in the Twenty-First Century and the Green Chemistry [Seite 324]
14.3 - References [Seite 329]
15 - Index [Seite 333]
16 - EULA [Seite 344]