Laws Affecting Business Transactions in the PRC

Name: Laws Affecting Business Transactions in the PRC
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 387.99 EUR
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Guanghua Yu Minkang Gu(Autor*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. Januar 2002

590 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
PREFACE
ABBREVIATIONS
Part I CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS AND BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 CONTRACT LAW
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CONTRACT LAW
1.3. THE LAW OF CONTRACT BETWEEN 1979 AND 1999
1.4. THE 1999 CONTRACT LAW
1.4.1. General Principles
1.4.2. Formation of Contracts
1.4.3. Content of Contracts
1.4.4. Validity of Contracts
1.4.5. Performance of Contracts
1.4.6. Variation and Assignment of Contracts
1.4.7. Discharge of Contracts
1.4.8. Liabilities for Breach of Contract
1.5. SPECIFIC TYPES OF CONTRACTS
1.5.1. Contracts for the Sale of Goods
1.5.2. Contracts for the Supply of Utilities
1.5.3. Donation Contracts
1.5.4. Loan Contracts
1.5.5. Lease Contracts
1.5.6. Contracts of Financial Lease
1.5.7. Processing Contracts
1.5.8. Contracts for Construction Projects
1.5.9. Transportation Contracts
1.5.10. Technology Contracts
1.5.11. Bailment Contracts
1.5.12. Contracts for Storage
1.5.13. Entrustment Contracts
1.5.14. Commission Agency Contracts
1.5.15. Brokerage Contracts
1.6. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2 THE LAW OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.2. SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS
2.3. PARTNERSHIPS
2.4. COMPANIES
2.4.1. Formation of Companies
2.4.2. Governance Structure
2.4.3. Mergers and Divisions
2.4.4. Insolvency, Dissolution and Liquidation
2.5. OTHER FORMS OF BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
2.5.1. State-Owned Enterprises (Enterprises Owned by the Whole People)
2.5.1.1. Enforcement Problems of the Bankruptcy Law
2.5.1.2. Autonomy Rights of State-Owned Enterprises
2.5.1.3. Factory Director
2.5.2. Collectively Owned Enterprises
2.5.2.1. Establishment, Change of Registered Matters and Termination
2.5.2.2. Governance Structure
2.6. CONCLUSION
Part II FINANCIAL MARKETS AND TRANSACTIONS
CHAPTER 3 SECURITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. MOTIVATION AND PRINCIPLES OF THE SECURITIES SYSTEM
3.2.1. Maintaining State Control
3.2.2. Policies Relating to Privatization
3.2.3. Procedures for Transfer of State-Owned Shares
3.2.4. Principles of Securities Regulation
3.3. THE DEFINITION OF SECURITIES
3.4. ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES
3.4.1. Preconditions
3.4.2. Share Classification
3.4.2.1. Common and Preferred Shares
3.4.2.2. Convertibility
3.4.2.3. Voting
3.4.3. Procedures for Issuance of Shares
3.4.3.1. Review by Regulatory Authorities
3.4.3.2. Disclosure when Issuing Shares
3.4.3.3. The Minimum Price: Par Value
3.4.3.4. Share Underwriting
3.4.3.5. Shares to Particular Subscribers
3.5. TRADING OF SECURITIES IN THE SECONDARY MARKET
3.5.1. Place of Trading
3.5.2. Preconditions for Listing Securities on an Exchange
3.5.3. Disclosure of Relevant Information
3.5.3.1. Continuous Disclosure of Information
3.5.3.2. Liability for Non-disclosure
3.6. PROHIBITED CONDUCT
3.6.1. General Prohibitions
3.6.2. Insider Trading
3.6.3. Manipulation
3.6.4. Securities Firms Cheating their Customers
3.6.5. False Representations
3.7. ACQUISITION OF LISTED COMPANIES
3.7.1. China's First Takeover Case and its Problems
3.7.2. The Significance of Takeover
3.7.3. Types of Acquisition
3.7.4. Acquisition by Foreign Investors
3.7.5. Protection of Shareholders of a Targeting Company
3.8. THE CHINA SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITIES AND OTHER SECURITIES INSTITUTIONS
3.8.1. The Securities Regulatory Authorities
3.8.2. Securities Exchanges
3.8.3. Securities Companies
3.8.4. Securities Registration and Accounts Settlement Agencies
3.8.5. Securities Trading Services Agencies
3.8.6. Securities Industry Associations
3.9. UNRESOLVED ISSUES
3.9.1. How to Improve the Quality of the Listed Companies?
3.9.2. How to Protect the Funds Raised?
3.9.3. Should the Securities Law be Revised Soon?
3.10. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 INSURANCE LAW
4.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
4.2. THE INSURANCE LAW OF 1995
4.2.1. Issues of Insurance Contract
4.2.1.1. Formation of an Insurance Contract
4.2.1.2. The Requirements of an Insurance Contract
4.2.1.2.1. Parties to an Insurance Contract
4.2.1.2.2. Duty to Disclose
4.2.1.2.3. Contents of an Insurance Contract
4.2.2. Performance of an Insurance Contract and Liabilities for Breach
4.2.3. Types of Insurance
4.3. ADMINISTRATION OF INSURANCE INSTITUTIONS
4.3.1. Administration of Insurance Companies
4.3.2. Administration of Insurance Agents and Insurance Brokers
4.4. REGULATING CHINESE INSURANCE MARKET
4.5. LEGAL LIABILITIES
4.6. GOING PUBLIC AND DIVERSIFIED INVESTMENT CHANNELS
4.7. CHINESE INSURANCE INDUSTRY AND WTO ENTRY
4.8. CHINESE INSURANCE MARKET NEEDS FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
4.8.1. Internet and Chinese Insurance Market
4.8.2. Enlargement of Business Scope
4.8.3. Skills and Ethics Training are Indispensable
4.8.4. Insurance Consultation
4.9. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 THE LAW OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
5.3. THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
5.3.1. The Central Bank
5.3.2. The Policy Banks
5.3.3. Commercial Banks
5.3.4. Foreign Financial Institutions
5.3.4.1. Representative Offices
5.3.4.2. Foreign-Invested Financial Institutions
5.3.5. Non-banking Financial Institutions
5.3.5.1. Credit Cooperatives
5.3.5.2. Trust and Investment Companies
5.3.5.3. Securities Companies
5.3.5.4. Finance Companies
5.3.5.5. Lease Financing Companies
5.4. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS LAW
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS
6.2.1. Policy Objectives
6.2.2. Formality Requirements
6.2.3. Rights and Liabilities Defined by the Instrument
6.2.4. The Independence of the Payment Obligation
6.2.5. The Autonomy of the Payment Obligation
6.2.6. Honesty in Acquisition
6.2.7. Methods of Protecting Lost-Instrument Holders
6.2.8. Mechanism for Requesting the Return of Equivalent Interest
6.2.9. Limitation Period
6.3. BILLS OF EXCHANGE
6.3.1. Issuing
6.3.2. Endorsement
6.3.3. Acceptance
6.3.4. Guarantee
6.3.5. Payment
6.3.5.1. Payment Procedure
6.3.5.2. Effect of Payment and Liabilities for Wrongful Payment
6.3.6. Right of Recourse
6.4. PROMISSORY NOTES
6.5. CHEQUES
6.6. APPLICABLE LAW GOVERNING NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
6.6.1. The Relevance of International Treaties or Practice
6.6.2. The Applicable Law
6.6.2.1. Capacity for Civil Conduct
6.6.2.2. Issue, Endorsement, Acceptance, Payment and Guarantee
6.6.2.3. Right of Recourse and Procedures for Reserving Rights
6.7. LEGAL LIABILITY
6.7.1. Criminal Liability
6.7.2. Administrative Liability
6.7.3. Civil Liability
6.8. CONCLUSION
Part III FOREIGN TRADE AND INVESTMENT
CHAPTER 7 THE REGULATORY REGIME GOVERNING FOREIGN TRADE
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. ELIGIBLE ENTITIES IN FOREIGN TRADE
7.2.1. FTCs
7.2.2. Production Enterprises
7.2.3. Foreign-Invested Enterprises
7.2.4. Enterprises in Commerce
7.2.5. Research Institutions
7.2.6. Supply and Sales Cooperatives
7.2.7. Enterprises within the Special Economic Zones
7.2.8. Chinese-Foreign Trade Joint Ventures
7.3. FOREIGN TRADE AGENCY SYSTEM
7.3.1. Rights and Duties of the Principal
7.3.2. Rights and Duties of the Agent
7.4. IMPORT AND EXPORT LICENSING SYSTEM
7.4.1. import-Licensing System
7.4.2. Export-Licensing System
7.5. IMPORT AND EXPORT QUOTA SYSTEM
7.5.1. Export Quota System
7.5.1.1. Planning Quotas
7.5.1.2. Voluntary Quotas
7.5.1.3. Passive Quotas
7.5.2. The Import Quota System
7.5.2.1. Import Quotas for Machinery and Electronic Goods
7.5.2.2. Import Quotas for Ordinary Goods
7.6. THE TARIFF SYSTEM AND ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY LAWS
7.6.1. The Tariff System
7.6.2. Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duty Laws
7.6.2.1. Measures to Cope with Anti-dumping Actions Abroad
7.6.2.2. Chinese Anti-dumping and Countervailing Duty Laws
7.6.2.2.1. Dumping and Harm
7.6.2.2.2. Anti-dumping Investigation
7.6.2.2.3. Anti-dumping Measures
7.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8 FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. THE SAN ZI QI YE
8.2.1. Equity Joint Venture (Hezi Jingying Qiye)
8.2.1.1. The Nature of EJVs
8.2.1.2. The Duration of EJVs
8.2.1.3. Mutual Investment
8.2.1.4. Internal Structure
8.2.1.5. Transfer of Shares
8.2.2. Joint Cooperative Enterprise (Hezuo Jingying Qiye)
8.2.2.1. Legal Frame
8.2.2.2. Legal Status
8.2.2.3. Distribution of Profits and Recovery of Investment
8.2.2.4. Termination
8.2.2.5. The Development of JCEs
8.2.2.6. Internal Structure
8.2.3. Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (Waishang Touzi Jingying Qiye)
8.2.3.1. Definition and Legal Frame
8.2.3.2. Legal Status
8.2.3.3. What could be Invested in a WFOE?
8.2.3.4. Term of Operation
8.2.3.5. Establishment
8.2.4. Other Foreign-Investment Enterprises
8.2.4.1. Foreign-Invested Joint Stock Company (Waishang Touzi Gufen Youxian Gongsi)
8.2.4.1.1. Introduction
8.2.4.1.2. Establishment
8.2.4.1.3. Differences between FIJSCs and San Zi Qi Ye
8.2.4.2. BOT Investment Form (Rongzi Xiangmu)
8.2.4.2.1. Introduction
8.2.4.2.2. Legal Framework
8.2.4.3. Foreign-Invested Commercial Enterprise (Waishang Touzi Shangye Qiye)
8.2.4.4. Foreign-Invested Travel Agencies (Zhongwai Hezi Luxingshe)
8.2.4.5. Foreign-Funded Holding Companies (Waishang Touzi Touzixing Gongsi)
8.2.4.6. Foreign-Funded Medical Institutions (Waishang Touzi Yiliao Jigou)
8.2.4.7. Foreign-Funded Financial Institutions (Waishang Touzi Jinrong Jigou)
8.2.4.7.1. The Definition
8.2.4.7.2. History of China's FFIs
8.2.4.7.3. Establishment
8.2.4.7.4. The Scope of Business
8.2.4.7.5. Supervision
8.2.4.7.6. More Development
8.3. LIMITATIONS TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT
8.3.1. Ban of Foreign Direct Marketing Businesses
8.3.2. Cancellation of FIEs
8.4. THE MERGER AND DIVISION OF FOREIGN-INVESTMENT ENTERPRISES
8.5. RESTRUCTURE CHINESE FOREIGN-INVESTMENT LAWS BASED ON THE COMPANY LAW
8.5.1. Why should We Think about this Issue?
8.5.2. The Relationship between Chinese Foreign-Investment Law and Company Law
8.5.3. How to Restructure Chinese Foreign-Investment Laws?
8.5.4. The Company Law Needs to be Improved
8.5.5. Other Issues Need to Concern
8.6. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9 THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE UNDER THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
9.2.1. Regulation of Foreign Exchange Regarding Domestic Organizations
9.2.1.1. Settlement and Sale of Foreign Exchange
9.2.1.2. Purchase and Payment in Foreign Exchange
9.2.1.3. Verification and Cancellation Procedure for Imports and Exports
9.2.2. The Regulation of Domestic Individuals and Foreign Institutions
9.3. THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE UNDER THE CAPITAL ACCOUNT
9.3.1. Borrowing of Foreign Loans and Issuing Foreign Currency Bonds
9.3.1.1. Borrowing of Foreign Loans
9.3.1.2. Issuing Foreign Currency Bonds
9.3.2. Registration of and Monitoring Foreign Debts
9.3.3. Settlement Measures of Foreign Exchange for Capital Account Items
9.3.4. The Regulation of Investment Abroad
9.4. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATION
9.4.1. Evasion of Foreign Exchange Control
9.4.2. Illegal Procurement of Foreign Exchange
9.4.3. Disrupting the Order of Foreign Exchange Regulation
9.4.3.1. Violation by Financial Institutions and Penalties
9.4.3.2. Violations by Other Domestic Organizations and Penalties
9.4.3.3. Disruption of Foreign Exchange Market and Penalties
9.4.3.4. Disruption of the Order of Foreign Debt Regulation and Penalties
9.4.4. Administrative Reconsideration and Litigation
9.5. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10 FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND LABOUR REGULATION
10.1. INTRODUCTION
10.2. CONTENTS OF THE LABOUR LAWS AND REGULATIONS
10.2.1. Labour Relationship in Foreign-Investment Enterprises
10.2.2. The Labour Management in FIEs
10.2.3. Contractual Relationship
10.2.3.1. Formation of a Contract
10.2.3.1.1. Principles of the Formation
10.2.3.1.2. Form and Contents of a Labour Contract
10.2.3.1.3. Term of a Labour Contract
10.2.3.1.4. Termination of a Labour Contract
10.2.3.1.5. Restrictions of Retrenchment on FIEs
10.2.3.1.6. Collective Contract
10.2.3.1.7. Certification of Labour Contract
10.3. WAGES, SOCIAL INSURANCE AND WELFARE SYSTEM IN FIEs
10.3.1. Working Hours and Wage System
10.3.2. Social Insurance in FIEs
10.3.3. Bonus and Welfare Funds
10.3.4. Training of Employees
10.4. EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGNERS IN FIEs
10.5. SPECIAL PROTECTION OF FEMALE EMPLOYEES AND UNDERAGE LABOURERS
10.5.1. Protection of Female Employees
10.5.2. Protection on Underage Labourers
10.6. THE ROLE OF LABOUR UNION
10.7. FOREIGN-RELATED LABOUR DISPUTES
10.8. ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION
10.9. THE ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION OF THE PRC LABOUR LAW
10.10. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11 THE LAW OF TAXATION
11.1. A HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
11.2. INCOME TAX
11.2.1. Enterprise Income Tax
11.2.1.1. Taxpayers
11.2.1.2. Sources of Income
11.2.1.3. Taxable Income
11.2.1.4. Tax Rate
11.2.1.5. Loss Carry Over
11.2.1.6. Tax Credit Given to Tax Paid Abroad
11.2.1.7. Control of Transfer Pricing
11.2.1.8. The Administration of Tax Collection
11.2.2. Income Tax on Foreign-Invested Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises
11.2.2.1. Taxpayers
11.2.2.2. Sources of Income
11.2.2.3. Taxable Income
11.2.2.4. Tax Rates
11.2.2.5. Tax Exemption and Reduction
11.2.2.6. Re-investment Refund
11.2.2.7. Loss Carry Forward
11.2.2.8. Tax Credit
11.2.2.9. Transfer Pricing
11.2.2.10. Tax Administration
11.2.3. Income Tax on Individuals
11.2.3.1. Taxpayers
11.2.3.2. Sources of Individual Income
11.2.3.3. Tax Rates
11.2.3.4. Tax Exemption and Reduction
11.2.3.5. Tax Credit for Tax Paid Abroad
11.2.3.6. Tax Payment and Collection
11.3. TURNOVER TAX
11.3.1. Value-Added Tax
11.3.1.1. Taxpayers
11.3.1.2. Acts Attracting Value-Added Tax
11.3.1.3. Tax Rates
11.3.1.4. The Calculation of Tax
11.3.1.5. VAT Exemptions and Refunds
11.3.1.6. Payment and Collection of VAT
11.3.2. Consumption Tax
11.3.2.1. The Concept
11.3.2.2. Taxpayers and Taxable Goods
11.3.2.3. Tax Rates
11.3.2.4. Calculation of the Consumption Tax
11.3.2.5. Tax Exemption or Refund
11.3.2.6. Tax Payment and Administration
11.3.3. Business Tax
11.3.3.1. The Concept
11.3.3.2. Taxpayers
11.3.3.3. Scope of Tax
11.3.3.4. Tax Rates
11.3.3.5. Calculation of Business Tax
11.3.3.6. Tax Reduction or Exemption
11.3.3.7. Payment and Collection of Business Tax
11.4. CONCLUSION
Part IV ANTI-UNFAIR COMPETITION
CHAPTER 12 PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
12.1. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
12.2. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
12.2.1. Registration of Technology Import Contracts
12.2.2. Rights and Obligations of the Parties
12.3. MAJOR FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
12.3.1. Trademark
12.3.2. Patent
12.3.3. Computer Software
12.4. CUSTOMS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
12.5. PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS BY CRIMINAL LAW
12.6. PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ITS IMPACT
12.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13 ANTI-UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.2. REGIONAL REGULATIONS
13.3. ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND ADMINISTRATIVE INTERPRETATION
13.4. SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE LAW
13.5. SPECIFIC TYPES OF UNFAIR COMPETITION CONDUCTS
13.5.1. Illegally Benefiting from the Reputation of Others
13.5.2. Abuse of Monopoly Position
13.5.3. Restraining Competitions by Abusing Administrative Powers
13.5.4. Commercial Bribery
13.5.4.1. Acceptance of Bribes by the First Hospital
13.5.4.2. Acceptance of Bribes by Chengdu Telecom Engineering Company
13.5.5. Misleading Information
13.5.6. infringements of Rights to Business Secrets
13.5.7. Marketing Goods below Costs to Force Out Competitors
13.5.8. Improper Prize Sales
13.5.9. Tie-in or Conditional Sales
13.5.10. Lowering the Goodwill of Others or the Reputation of their Products
13.5.11. Conspiracies or Collusion in Tendering or Bidding
13.6. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION AND MONITORING
13.7. LEGAL LIABILITIES
13.8. CONCLUSION
Part V THE RELATION OF CREDITORS AND THEIR PROTECTION
CHAPTER 14 THE LAW ON SECURED TRANSACTIONS
14.1. INTRODUCTION
14.2. TYPES OF SECURITY DEVICES
14.2.1. Deposit
14.2.2. Lien
14.2.3. Dian
14.2.3.1. Characteristics of the Dian
14.2.3.2. Use of the Dian
14.2.4. Mortgages
14.2.4.1. Properties which Can or Cannot be Mortgaged
14.2.4.2. Formality and Content
14.2.4.3. Registration and Priority
14.2.4.4. Rights and Obligations of Mortgagors and Mortgagees
14.2.5. Pledges
14.2.5.1. Pledge of Movables
14.2.5.2. Pledge of Rights
14.2.6. Guarantees
14.2.6.1. The Concept of Guarantee
14.2.6.2. Eligibility
14.2.6.3. Formality and Content
14.2.6.4. Terms of Guarantee and the Adoption of Guarantee
14.3. THE PROVISION OF SECURITY TO FOREIGN ENTITIES
14.3.1. The Concept and its Scope
14.3.2. Qualifications of Security Providers and Secured Parties
14.3.3. Relevant Authority and its Powers
14.3.4. Registration Requirement
14.3.5. Mandated Rights of Security Providers
14.4. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15 ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY LAW
15.1. INTRODUCTION
15.2. CHINESE BANKRUPTCY LAW
15.2.1. The Bankruptcy Law
15.2.2. Bankruptcy Application and Hearing
15.2.2.1. Standards for a Bankruptcy
15.2.2.2. Submission and Hearing of a Bankruptcy Application
15.2.3. A Creditor's Meeting
15.2.3.1. What is a Creditor's Meeting?
15.2.4. Conciliation and Reorganization
15.2.5. Declaration of Bankruptcy and Bankruptcy Liquidation
15.2.5.1. Declaration of Bankruptcy
15.2.5.2. Liquidation Group
15.2.5.3. The Bankruptcy Property
15.2.5.4. Payment Order
15.2.5.5. Fraudulent Conveyance
15.2.6. Administrative Sanction or Criminal Punishment Against Relevant Persons
15.3. LIQUIDATION OF FIEs
15.4. AMENDMENT OF CHINA'S ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY LAW
15.5. UNRESOLVED ISSUES
15.5.1. Will the Bankruptcy Law become an 'Umbrella' of Debt Escapees?
15.5.2. Should a Listed Company be Declared Bankrupt?
15.5.3. Can a System of 'Debts for Equities' Save Poor Enterprises?
15.5.4. Should China Establish a System of Cross-Border Bankruptcy?
15.5.5. Should the Bankruptcy of SOEs be Subject to the State Plan?
15.6. CONCLUSION
INDEX
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