Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology, An Issue of the Neurologic Clinics, E-Book

Name: Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology, An Issue of the Neurologic Clinics, E-Book | Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology, an Issue of the Neurologic Clinics
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Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology, an Issue of the Neurologic Clinics

David S. Younger(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 8. Oktober 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Global and Domestic Public Health and Neuroepidemiology
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface: Public Health, Neuroepidemiology, and Health Systems
I - Epidemiology
Research Methods in Epidemiology
The Epidemiology of Global Epilepsy
Epidemiology of Migraine
I-Cubed (Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation) and the Human Microbiome
Epidemiology of Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Epidemiology of Neurovasculitis
Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis
Alzheimer Disease and Its Growing Epidemic: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and the Urgent Need for Therapeutics
Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease
Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke
Epidemiology of Brain Tumors
The Epidemiology of Neuromuscular Diseases
Epidemiology of Childhood and Adult Mental Illness
Childhood Vaccination: Implications for Global and Domestic Public Health
Epidemiology of Zika Virus
II - Health Systems
Assessing the Public's Health
Health Care in Brazil: Implications for Public Health and Epidemiology
Health Care in the Russian Federation
Health Care in India
Health Care in China
Health Care in South Africa
Special Article
Quick Evidence Synopsis: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Alzheimer Disease
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
February 2017
May 2017
August 2017
RECENT ISSUES
August 2016
May 2016
February 2016
Preface: Public Health, Neuroepidemiology, and Health Systems
Erratum
Research Methods in Epidemiology
Key points
INTRODUCTION
MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY
Incidence
Prevalence
Odds
Mortality Ratios
Disability and Summary Measures
MEASURES OF EFFECT AND ASSOCIATION
Risk Difference
Risk Ratio
Relative Excess
Null State and Counterfactual in Relation to Effect Measurement
Prevalence Ratios
EPIDEMIOLOGY ESTIMATION
Validity and Error
P Values
Hypothesis Testing
Confidence Intervals and Limits
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY DESIGN
Cohort Studies
Case Control Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies
Ecological Studies
REGRESSION TECHNIQUES
Simple Linear Regression
Multiple Linear Regression
Multiple Logistic Regression
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
The Epidemiology of Global Epilepsy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
TREATMENT GAPS IN EPILEPSY CARE
CULTURAL BELIEFS AND TABOOS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Migraine
Key points
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
PUBLIC HEALTH MEASUREMENTS
Incidence
Prevalence
Years Lived with Disability
INHERITANCE
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI
GLOBAL ASPECTS
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Ethiopia
Nepal
Italy
India
China
Zambia
Spain
Russia
Tanzania
Germany
Turkey
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
I-Cubed (Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation) and the Human Microbiome
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
INFECTION ACTIVATES IMMUNITY
I-CUBED DISORDERS
Spondyloarthropathy
Diabetes Mellitus and Neuropathy
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic neuropathy
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
CLINICAL INVOLVEMENT
NONHUMAN PRIMATE STUDIES
PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
INFECTION VERSUS IMMUNITY
Treatment-Resistant Arthritis
Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Blood-Brain Barrier
General considerations
Implications for Lyme neuroborreliosis
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Neurovasculitis
Key points
CLASSIFICATION AND NOSOLOGY
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Large Vessel Vasculitis
Giant cell arteritis
Background
Epidemiology
Takayasu Disease
Background
Epidemiology
MEDIUM-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Background
Epidemiology
Kawasaki Disease
Background
Epidemiology
SMALL-SIZED VESSEL VASCULITIS
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Background
Epidemiology
IMMUNE COMPLEX VASCULITIS
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Background
Epidemiology
Behçet Disease
Background
Epidemiology
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis
Key points
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Prevalence and Incidence
The Americas
Europe
Asia
Genetic Aspects
Family aggregation studies
Genome-wide association studies
PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS VARIANTS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Neuromyelitis Optica
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
Alzheimer Disease and Its Growing Epidemic
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION AND STAGING
BIOMARKERS
RISK FACTORS
NONMODIFIABLE GENETIC RISK FACTORS
Apolipoprotein E
Triggering Receptor on Myeloid Cells 2
Amyloid Precursor Protein and Presenilin Mutations
Down Syndrome
Cardiovascular Health
Diabetes Mellitus
Traumatic Brain Injury
The Influence of Neprilysin and Traumatic Brain Injury
Previous Amyloid Exposure
Protective Factors
PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease
Key points
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology
Natural History
Clinical Subtypes
Nonmotor Symptoms
Dysautonomia
Sleep disturbances
Mood disorders
Cognitive disturbances
Pain and sensory disturbances
Neurogenetics
Management in Different Settings to Modify Outcome
Clinic based
Hospital based
Telemedical
PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase risk of Parkinson disease
Pesticides
Occupation related
Traumatic brain injury
Factors that may mitigate risk of Parkinson disease
Caffeine
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol consumption
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Statins
Calcium channel blockers
Hyperuricemics
Exercise
Infectious Disease Causation: Implications for Public Health
Enteric-pathogen
Prions
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE
NEURORADIOLOGIC METHODS TO DETECT STROKE
GENETIC BASIS OF STROKE
GENETIC ANIMAL MODEL
GENETICS OF STROKE IN YOUNG ADULTS
GENETIC INFLUENCES OF WHITE MATTER LESION AND HYPERINTENSITY PROGRESSION
GENETIC ASPECTS OF LACUNAR STROKES
GENETIC BASIS FOR STROKE AND MIGRAINE
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Brain Tumors
Key points
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS
Meningiomas
Gliomas
Pituitary Tumors
Pediatric Brain Tumors
RISK FACTORS FOR BRAIN TUMORS
Ionizing Radiation
Nonionizing Radiation
Genetic Susceptibility and Hereditary Syndromes
Allergic and Immune-Related Conditions
TEMPORAL TRENDS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
The Epidemiology of Neuromuscular Diseases
Key points
ANTERIOR HORN
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Postpolio Syndrome
PERIPHERAL NERVE
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Myasthenia Gravis
MUSCLE
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Myotonic Dystrophy
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Inclusion Body Myositis
THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Childhood and Adult Mental Illness
Key points
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY OF SURVEILLANCE
National Population Surveys and Reporting Systems
Adults and children
The National Health Interview Survey
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
National Vital Statistics System
National Violent Death Reporting System
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Adults
National Ambulatory Medical Care and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys
Children alone
Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring Network
National Survey of Children's Health
School-Associated Violent Death Surveillance Study
National Youth Risk Behavior Survey
State-Based Surveys
Adults
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL ILLNESS
RESULTS
Adults
Population surveys
National Health Care Surveys
Children
DISCUSSION
MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
GLOBAL BURDEN OF MENTAL ILLNESS
GLOBAL INEQUALITIES IN MENTAL HEALTH
INTEGRATING MENTAL HEALTH INTO PRIMARY CARE
REFERENCES
Childhood Vaccination
Key points
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
IMMUNE BASIS OF VACCINATION
CATEGORIES OF VACCINES
Live-Attenuated Vaccine
Inactivated Vaccine
Subunit Vaccine
Conjugate Vaccine
DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL VACCINATION PROGRAMS
LEGAL CHALLENGES TO VACCINATION
The Lessons of Measles Vaccination
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF VACCINES FOR ENDEMIC INFECTION
MICROECONOMIC IMPACT OF VACCINATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Epidemiology of Zika Virus
Key points
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
INFECTIOUS TRANSMISSION
Mosquito Vectors
Sexual Transmission
Blood Transfusion
ANIMAL AND HUMAN MODELS
CLINICAL ASPECTS
MICROBIOLOGIC AND SEROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
THE HIDDEN TOLL OF ZIKA
TREATMENT
PUBLIC HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
Assessing the Public's Health
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSING POPULATION HEALTH STATUS
FROM MORTALITY TO DISABILITY MEASURES
HEALTH SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY OF CARE
United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Indicators
Metrics of the World Cities Project
EXAMINING COMMUNITY-LEVEL HEALTH INDICATORS
Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
REFERENCES
Health Care in Brazil
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
REFORM
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY
REFERENCES
Health Care in the Russian Federation
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC HEALTH REFORM
WORLD CUP 2018: IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY
REFERENCES
Health Care in India
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
REFORM
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY
REFERENCES
Health Care in China
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
REFORM
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE 2013: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY
REFERENCES
Health Care in South Africa
Key points
BACKGROUND
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND VITAL STATISTICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
REFORM
AFRICAN EBOLA OUTBREAK
GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE 2013: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROLOGY
REFERENCES
Quick Evidence Synopsis
WHAT DO THE CLINICAL GUIDELINES SAY?
AUTHOR COMMENTARY
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1: SCALES FOR MEASURING ALZHEIMER PATIENT AND CAREGIVER OUTCOMES
Index

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