Civil Procedure in Greece

Name: Civil Procedure in Greece
Brand: Wolters Kluwer
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Pelayia Yessiou-Faltsi(Autor*in)

Wolters Kluwer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 18. Januar 2024

336 Seiten

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Front Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
The Authors
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Prefaces
Preface to the 2003 Edition
Preface to the 2011 Edition
Preface to the 2019 Edition
Preface to the 2023 Edition
General Introduction
§1. GENERAL BACKGROUND
I. Historical Evolution
II. Classification
III. Legal Sources
IV. Distinctions and Basic Elements
§2. DELIMITATION OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
I. Definition of the Term 'Civil Procedure'
II. Distinction from Other Types of Procedure Separate
III. Are There Separate Court Systems and Rules of Procedure?
§3. SOURCES OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW
I. A Brief Historical Perspective
A. General Remarks
B. Ancient Greek Law
C. Period of the Turkish Domination
D. Period of the War of Independence
E. Period of the Codes of 183516
II. Contemporary Sources of Civil Procedural Law
A. The Constitution of 1975
B. The CPC of 1967/1971: Subsequent Modifications
C. The Code on the Organization of the Courts of 1988
D. Special Laws
E. International Conventions
F. Customary Law
G. Judicial Precedents
H. Legal Doctrine
§4. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN CIVIL MATTERS
I. Characteristics of the Procedure
A. General Remarks
B. The Principle of Free Disposition of the Parties (Article 106 CPC)
C. The Principle of Party Presentation (Article 106 CPC)
D. The Principle of Parties' Motion (Article 108 CPC)
E. The Principle of Concentration (Article 269 CPC)
F. Oral and Written Procedure
G. Role of the Judge
II. Fundamental Guarantees
A. General Remarks: The Convention of Rome for the Protection of Human Rights
B. Establishment of Courts by Law (Article 8 Const.)
C. Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary (Article Const.)
D. Review of Unconstitutional Ordinary Legislation (Article 93, §4 Const.)
E. Access to Justice (Article 20 §1 Const.)75
F. Right of Defence (Article 20 §1 Const.)
G. Equality of the Parties (Article 4 §1 Const.)
H. Publicity (Article 93 §§2, 3 Const.)
I. Reasoning of Judicial Decisions (Article 93 §3 Const.)
Part I. Judicial Organization
Chapter 1. The Courts and Their Members
§1. COURTS
I. Structure of the Courts' System
II. Administration of the Courts
A. Separation of the Three Jurisdictions
B. Ordinary Civil Courts of First Instance
C. The Special Court of 'Mufti'
D. The Courts of Appeal
E. The Court of Areios Pagos
F. The Special Highest Court
G. The Limited Role of Lay Participants
III. Bench and 'Ministère Public'/Public Prosecutor
IV. Appointment of Judges and of Public Prosecutors
§2. MEMBERS OF THE JUDICIARY129
I. Incompatibilities
II. End of Functions
III. Discipline144
Chapter 2. The Bar
§1. EXERCISE OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION
I. Conditions for Admission
II. Rights and Duties
III. Discipline
§2. ORGANIZATIONS OF LAWYERS195
Chapter 3. The Bailiffs
§1. EXERCISE OF THE PROFESSION
§2. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF BAILIFFS
Part II. Jurisdiction
Chapter 1. Domestic Jurisdiction (Article 1 of the CPC)
§1. FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
§2. CRITERIA FOR DISTINGUISHING JURISDICTION OF CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS
§3. VOLUNTARY JURISDICTION OF CIVIL COURTS
§4. LACK OF JURISDICTION OF CIVIL COURTS
§5. SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
I. Factors to Be Taken into Account
A. Definition of Subject Matter Competence
B. Role of the Value of the Claim
C. Role of the Nature of the Claim
II. Main Claims and Ancillary Claims
III. Overview of the Different Rules
A. Subject Matter Competence of Justices of the Peace
B. Subject Matter Competence of One-Member District Courts
C. Subject Matter Competence of Three-Member District Courts
D. Subject Matter Competence of Courts of Appeal
E. Subject Matter Competence of Areios Pagos
§6. VENUE (TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION)
I. Factors to Be Taken into Account
A. Definition and Distinctions of Territorial Competence
B. Relevant Connecting Factors and the Conflicting Interests Served
II. Overview of the Different Rules
A. General Territorial Competence
1. Domicile as the Principal Connecting Factor
2. Rules Founding General Jurisdiction
3. Actions Against the State
4. Actions Against Legal Entities
B. Jurisdictions Concurrent to the General Territorial Competence
1. The Forum Involving Juridical Acts (Article 33 CPC)
2. The Forum for Tort Disputes (Article 35 CPC)
3. The Forum Related to the Management of Property Other Than under a Court Order (Article 36 CPC)
4. The Forum Involving the Joinder of Defendants (Article 37 §1 CPC)
5. The Forum Related to Actions Involving Multiple Immovables (Article 37 §2 CPC)
6. The Forum for Matrimonial Disputes (Article 39 CPC)
7. The Forum Based on Property (Article 40 CPC)
C. Exclusive Jurisdictions
1. The Exclusive Forum for Company Disputes (Article 27 CPC)
2. The Exclusive Forum Related to the Management of Property When This Is Based on a Judicial Order (Article 28 CPC)
3. The Exclusive Forum in Actions Involving Real Rights on Immovable Property (Article 29 CPC)
4. The Exclusive Forum Concerning Succession (Article 30 CPC)
5. The Exclusive Forum for Related Actions (Article 31 CPC)
6. The Exclusive Forum for Cross-Actions (Article 34 CPC)
7. The Exclusive Forum for Litigation Involving Enforcement Proceedings (Article 933 CPC)
III. Prorogation of Territorial Competence
A. General Remarks
B. Explicit Agreements
C. Tacit Agreements
§7. RESOLUTION OF JURISDICTION CONFLICTS
I. 'Affirmative' Conflicts
II. 'Negative' Conflicts
III. Effects of the Ruling
IV. Relevant Moment for the Existence of Jurisdiction
V. Review of Subject Matter and of Territorial Competence
A. Relevant Moment for the Existence of Facts Basing Competence
B. Lack of Competence
Chapter 2. International Jurisdiction
§1. RULES APPLICABLE IN THE ABSENCE OF A TREATY
I. The Historical Background
A. Nationality as a Main Connecting Factor under the CPC of 1834
B. Modification of the Critical Factor of Nationality in 1946
II. International Jurisdiction According to the Present CPC
A. Territorial Competence as the Main Connecting Factor
B. Role of Nationality in Exceptional Cases
C. International Jurisdiction Based on Public Policy
D. International Jurisdiction with Regard to Matters of Voluntary Jurisdiction
III. The Impact of Private Agreements on International Jurisdiction
A. Prorogation of the International Jurisdiction of Greek Courts
1. The Permissibility of Private Agreements
2. Explicit Agreements
3. Tacit Agreements
B. Derogation of Greek Adjudicatory Power
IV. Review of International Jurisdiction
§2. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
I. Multilateral Conventions
A. The Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters and Its Successors (EU-Regulations)
B. Hague Conference Conventions
C. Other Multilateral Conventions
D. Conventions Related to Extraterritoriality
II. Bilateral Conventions
A. The Irrelevancy of Assimilation Clauses in Bilateral Conventions
B. Specific Rules in Bilateral Conventions for Jurisdiction in Succession Matters
C. Specific Rules for Maintenance Claims and Matters Involving Personal Status
Part III. Actions and Claims
Chapter 1. Actions
§1. DEFINITION - TYPES OF ACTIONS - JOINDER
I. Definition
A. The Action as a Procedural Act
B. The Action as a Procedural Document
1. Contents of the Complaint
2. Sanctions
II. Types of Actions
A. Criteria of Classification
B. Actions for Specific Performance
C. Declaratory Actions (Article 70 CPC)
D. Constitutive Actions (Article 71 CPC)
III. Joinder
A. Joinder of Parties
1. Permissive Joinder
2. Necessary Joinder
B. Joinder of Claims
1. General Features
2. Subsidiary Joinder
§2. ADMISSIBILITY
I. The Function of Procedural Prerequisites
II. Capacity to Be a Party (Article 62 CPC)
III. Capacity to Conduct Proceedings in One's Own Name (Articles 63-67 CPC)
IV. Representation by Attorney
V. Standing to Sue
VI. Legal Interest
§3. VEXATIOUS LITIGATION
Chapter 2. Claims and Defences
§1. DEFINITION
§2. DEFENDANT'S ANSWER TO THE ACTION
§3. EXCEPTIONS
I. Definition
II. Distinctions
III. Rules Governing Exceptions
§4. CROSS-ACTIONS
Chapter 3. Sanctions on Procedural Irregularities
§1. FORMAL REQUIREMENTS
I. Definitions
II. The Non-existent Judicial Decisions
III. Procedural Nullities
A. Distinction Among Substantive and Procedural Nullities
B. Types and Conditions of Procedural Nullities
§2. TIME LIMITS
Part IV. Proceedings
Chapter 1. Pretrial Proceedings
§1. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES
§2. PRETRIAL SETTLEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
I. Extrajudicial Settlements
II. Mandatory/Optional Conciliation Attempt
III. Conciliatory Intervention by the Justice of the Peace
IV. Practical Relevance
§3. PRELIMINARY ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE IN REAL ACTIONS AGAINST THE STATE
Chapter 2. Proceedings in First Instance
§1. ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS
I. Ordinary Proceedings340
A. Introduction of the Claim
1. Registration by the Court - Method of Initiating the Action
2. Notice - Service of the Complaint
3. Time Limits
4. Procedural Effects: Lis Pendens349
5. Substantive Effects
B. Progress of Proceedings
1. Preparatory Measures - Written Pleadings - Production of Evidence
2. The Trial
3. Third Party Proceedings
a. Basic Distinctions
b. Principal Intervention
c. Accessory Interventions
d. Impleader
e. Third Party Notice
C. Judgment
1. Deliberation
2. Different Kinds of Judgment
3. Formal Aspects of Judgments
4. Notice and Service
5. Res Judicata
a. Distinctions of Res Judicata
b. The Function of Res Judicata
c. Object and Objective Limits of Res Judicata
d. Subjective Limits of Res Judicata
e. Collateral Estoppel
f. Reformation Action
6. Interpretation and Rectification of Judgments
II. Provisional Remedies
A. Introductory Remarks
B. General Prerequisites
1. Substantive Conditions
2. Procedural Prerequisites: Subject Matter and Territorial Competence
3. International Jurisdiction
C. Procedure for Granting Provisional Remedies
1. Commencement of Proceedings
2. Main Hearing
3. Decision on the Application
4. The Provisional Res Judicata
5. Non-availability of Methods of Review
6. Enforcement
D. Revocation of Provisional Remedies
1. Mandatory Revocation
2. Revocation on the Discretionary Power of the Judge
E. Provisional Orders
§2. DEFAULT PROCEEDINGS
I. General Conditions
A. A Default Judgment in Case of Failure of Appearance
B. The Judge Is Obliged on His Own Motion to Examine If Service Was Duly Effected
C. Remedy of Initial Default by a Party's Later Appearance
II. The Defendant's Default at the Hearing
III. The Plaintiff's Default at the Hearing
IV. Absence of the Parties at Later Hearings
V. Failure of All Parties to Appear
§3. EX PARTE PROCEEDINGS
I. Voluntary Jurisdiction
II. Orders of Payment
III. Provisional Remedies
Chapter 3. Review Proceedings
§1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
I. Definition
II. Distinctions
III. General Rules
IV. Initiation
V. Admissibility
§2. OPPOSITION AGAINST DEFAULT
I. General Aspects: The Abandonment of the Institution of 'Unjustified' Opposition
II. Requirements and Effects
§3. APPEAL
I. General Aspects
II. Conditions to Admissibility
A. Appealability
B. Appeal Period
III. Grounds for Appeal
IV. Effects
V. Proceeding
§4. CASSATION
I. General Aspects
II. Conditions
A. Decisions Which Are Subject to Cassation
B. Time Period
C. Grounds for Cassation
III. Proceeding
IV. Cassation in 'The Interest of the Law'
§5. REOPENING OF JUDGMENTS
I. General Aspects
II. Conditions
A. Decisions Which Are Subject to a Reopening
B. Time Period
C. Grounds for Reopening
III. Proceeding
§6. GENERAL OPPOSITION AND THIRD-PARTY OPPOSITION
I. General Opposition
II. Third-Party Opposition (Tierce-Opposition)
A. General Features
B. Requirements
C. Proceeding
D. Effects
Part V. Incidents
Chapter 1. Decision on Incidental Matters
§1. DEFINITION AND DISTINCTIONS: PROCEDURAL TREATMENT
§2. INCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Chapter 2. Withdrawal and Discontinuance of Action
§1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE CODE WITH REGARD TO THE SUBJECT
I. Possibilities of Terminating the Proceedings on Parties' Volition
II. Revocation of Other Procedural Acts
§2. ABANDONMENT OR WITHDRAWAL OF ACTION
I. Substantive and Formal Requirements
A. Withdrawal of an Action by the Plaintiff Not Including Abandonment of the Substantive Claim
B. Abandonment of an Action by the Plaintiff, also Including the Substantive Claim
C. Termination of Proceedings Through a Plaintiff's Act Needs to be Formal
II. Consequences
A. Withdrawal of an Action Not Including the Substantive Claim
B. Abandonment of an Action also Including the Substantive Claim
§3. ADMISSION
§4. CONCILIATION
I. Distinctions
II. Legal Nature
III. Formal and Substantive Requirements
IV. Consequences
Chapter 3. Challenge of Judges
§1. DISQUALIFICATION OF A JUDGE IN GENERAL
§2. DISQUALIFICATION OF A JUDGE ON THE CHALLENGE OF A PARTY
Part VI. Legal Aid and Legal Costs
Chapter 1. Legal Aid
Chapter 2. Legal Costs
§1. GENERAL ASPECTS
§2. APPLICATIONS OF AND DEVIATIONS FROM THE 'DEFEAT PRINCIPLE'
Part VII. Evidence
Chapter 1. Burden of Proof
§1. THE ALLOCATION OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF
I. General Aspects
A. 'Subjective' and 'Objective' Burden of Proof
B. Significance of the Rules Governing the Burden of Proof
C. The Burden of Alleging the Relevant Facts
II. Rules Regarding the Allocation of the Burden of Proof
III. Characterization of Rules Related to the Allocation of the Burden of Proof
IV. The Right to Counterproof
§2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL PRESUMPTIONS AND BURDEN OF PROOF
Chapter 2. Admissibility of Evidence
§1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
I. General Features of the Law of Evidence
II. Types of Evidence
A. Rigid, Free, and 'Partly Free' Evidence
B. Direct and Indirect Evidence
C. 'Preservative' Evidence
III. Free Evaluation of Evidence
IV. Degree of Persuasion
§2. THE MEANS OF PROOF IN PARTICULAR
I. General Aspects
A. Enumeration in Article 339
B. Illegally Obtained Evidence
II. Confession
A. Definition and Distinctions
B. Prerequisites
C. Probative Effect of a Confession
D. Revocation of Confessions
III. Tangible or Direct Evidence
A. Definition
B. Obligation to Cooperate
C. Probative Effect of Tangible Evidence
IV. Expert Reports
A. Definition and Distinctions
B. Appointment of Experts: Extent of the Discretionary Power of the Judge
C. Probative Weight of Expert Reports
D. Technical Consultants
E. Extrajudicial Private Opinions
V. Testimony
A. Definition
B. Statutory Restrictions of Testimony
C. Competence to Give Evidence
D. Obligation to Give Evidence
E. Probative Weight of Testimony
VI. Examination of the Parties
A. General Aspects
B. The Subsidiary Character of the Examination of the Parties: The Amendment of 1984
C. Distinction from Other Interrogatories of the Parties and from Testimony
D. Probative Weight of the Examination of the Parties
VII. Party Oath
VIII. Documentary Evidence
A. Definitions and Distinctions
B. Authenticity of Documents
1. Presumption of Authenticity of Public Acts
2. Authenticity of Private Writings
C. Persons as to Whom a Document can Produce Evidence
D. Certainty of Date: Authentication of Private Writings
E. Probative Effect of Documentary Evidence
1. Public Documents
2. Private Writings
3. Foreign Public Acts
F. Mechanical Reproductions
G. Bookkeeping Records of Enterprises or of Other Professionals
IX. Presumptions as Self-Standing Means of Evidence
A. The Dual Meaning of the Term Presumption
B. Admissibility of Presumptions
C. Probative Effect
X. 'Sworn Attestations'
Chapter 3. Administration of Evidence Before and After the 2015 Amendment
§1. THE EVIDENTIARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE 2001
§2. EVIDENTIARY PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE 2015 AMENDMENT488
I. Abolishment of the Decision Ordering Evidence in 2001
II. The Taking of Evidence
III. Introduction of Documentary Evidence
A. Time of Introduction
B. Forced Production of Documents495
IV. Evidentiary Proceedings Before One-Member Courts
§3. EVIDENTIARY PROCEEDINGS AFTER THE 2015 AMENDMENT
Part VIII. Particular Proceedings
Chapter 1. General Aspects
Chapter 2. The Main Characteristics of Each Particular Proceeding
§1. THE PROCEEDING FOR FAMILY LAW DISPUTES
§2. THE PROCEEDING FOR ORDERS OF PAYMENT
§3. THE PROCEEDING FOR CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MONEY CLAIMS
§4. SPECIAL RULES FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF DISPUTES: SMALL CLAIMS
Part IX. Conservatory Measures and Enforcement of Judgments
Chapter 1. Conservatory Attachment
§1. GENERAL REMARKS
§2. THE CONSERVATORY MEASURES
I. Judicial Security
A. Definition
B. Proceeding
C. Effects
II. Pre-notice of Mortgage
A. Definition and Requirements
B. Proceeding
C. Effects
III. Conservatory Attachment
A. Definition and Requirements
B. Proceeding
C. Effects
IV. Custody
A. Definition and Proceeding
B. Effects
V. Sealing, Unsealing, Inventory and Public Deposit of Property
§3. JUDICIAL REVIEW
Chapter 2. Enforcement of Judgments
§1. ENFORCEMENT OF DOMESTIC JUDGMENTS
I. Introductory Remarks
A. Methods of Enforcement in the Greek Law of Execution
B. Specific Performance
C. Means of Enforcement of Money Claims: Attachment, Compulsive Administration of Property, Imprisonment
D. 'Oath of Manifestation'
II. Main Organs of Execution
III. The Executory Title as a General Prerequisite of Execution
A. General Remarks
B. Judicial Decisions
1. Kind of Decision
2. Final Judgments Which Are a Formal Res Judicata
C. Provisionally Enforceable Judgments
1. General Remarks
2. General Requirements
3. Kinds of Provisional Execution
4. Exclusion of Provisional Execution
5. Suspension of Provisional Execution
D. Arbitral Awards
E. Orders of Payment
F. Foreign Judgments
G. Foreign Arbitral Awards
H. Provisional Remedies
I. Notarial Documents
J. Awards Issued by Administrative Authorities for the Collection of Public Revenues
K. Orders for the Return to the Lessor of a Leased Immovable
IV. The Executory Formula
V. Other Prerequisites to Execution
A. Prerequisites Involving the Enforced Claim
B. Prerequisites Involving Persons Entitled to or Subject to Enforcement
C. Service of the Copy of the Instrument to Be Enforced
VI. Initiation of the Main Enforcement Proceedings
VII. Proceedings in Enforcement for Money Claims
A. General Remarks
B. The Various Types of Attachments
C. Distribution of Sale Proceeds
1. The Principle of Proportional Distribution
2. General and Special Priorities
VIII. Judicial Review
A. The Court Is Not an Organ of Execution
B. Opposition to Enforcement
1. General Remarks on the Opposition of the Debtor
2. Subject Matter Competence
3. Territorial Competence
4. Grounds of Opposition
5. Time Limitations
6. Rules of Procedure
C. Third Party Opposition
1. Particular Features
2. Grounds of a Third-Party Opposition
3. Subject Matter and Territorial Competence
4. The Compulsory Parties
5. Time Limitations
D. Suspension of Enforcement
1. Conditions
2. Procedure: Provisional Order
3. Effects
§2. RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS
I. Rules Applicable in the Absence of a Treaty
A. General Remarks
1. The Doctrinal Foundation of the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
2. Distinction Between Recognition and Enforcement
3. Characterization of the Foreign Judgment
B. The Basic Provisions of the CPC on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments - EU Regulations
C. The Prerequisites to Recognition
1. The Res Judicata Effect of the Foreign Judgment
2. The International Jurisdiction of the Foreign Court
3. Protection of the Right of Defence
4. Inconsistent Decisions
5. Violation of Public Policy
6. No Re-Examination of the Merits
7. No Reciprocity
8. No Examination of the Applicable Law
D. Enforcement of a Foreign Judgment
1. Prerequisites
2. The Enforceability of the Foreign Judgment in Particular
3. The Exequatur Proceeding
E. Enforcement of Other Executory Instruments
F. The Specific Proceeding for the Recognition of Decisions Involving Personal Status
G. Recognition of the Effects of Foreign Decisions on Voluntary Jurisdiction
II. International Treaties
A. Multilateral Conventions
B. Other Multilateral Conventions
C. Bilateral Conventions
Part X. Out-of-Court Dispute Resolution
Chapter 1. Arbitration
§1. CURRENT RELEVANCE
§2. TYPES OF ARBITRATION: CONSTITUTIONALITY
§3. INSTITUTIONAL ARBITRATION
§4. ARBITRABLE DISPUTES
Chapter 2. Arbitration Agreement and Party Autonomy
Chapter 3. Composition of Arbitral Tribunal
Chapter 4. Interim Measures and Preliminary Awards
Chapter 5. Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings
Chapter 6. Arbitral Award
Chapter 7. Recourse Against Arbitral Award
Chapter 8. Recognition and Enforcement of Awards
§1. CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AWARD AS FOREIGN
§2. RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS UNDER THE CPC
§3. ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS
§4. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
I. Multilateral Conventions
II. Bilateral Conventions
III. Relationship to Domestic Law
Chapter 9. Mediation
§1. LEGISLATION/DEFINITIONS
§2. RIGHTS THAT CAN BE SUBJECT TO MEDIATION-MEDIATION AGREEMENT-MEDIATION PROCEDURE-SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT
§3. JUDICIAL MEDIATION
§4. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF MEDIATION
Bibliography in Languages Other Than Greek
Index
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