Embedded Programming with Android

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Author xxiii







Part I: Bare Metal Programming 1

Chapter 1: Introduction to Embedded System Programming 3



What Is an Embedded System? 3

Bare Metal Programming 3

Learning Embedded System Programming 5

Software Layers in an Embedded System 7

Tools and Hardware Platform 11

The Difference between Virtual Hardware and Real Hardware 11

Summary 12



Chapter 2: Inside Android Emulator 13

Overview of the Virtual Hardware 13

Configuring Android Virtual Devices 14

Hardware Interfaces 17

Serial 18

Timer 18

Summary 24



Chapter 3: Setting Up the Development Environment 25

The Host and Client Environments 25

Development Environment Setup 26

Downloading and Installing Android SDK 27

Downloading and Installing the GNU Toolchain for ARM 27

Integrated Development Environment 29

Your First ARM Program 29

Building the Binary 30

Running in the Android Emulator 32

makefile for the Example Projects 36

Summary 38



Chapter 4: Linker Script and Memory Map 39

Memory Map 39

Linker 41

Linker Script 51

Linker Script Example 53

Initializing Data in RAM 56

Summary 61



Chapter 5: Using the C Language 63

C Startup in a Bare Metal Environment 63

Calling Convention 78

Goldfish Serial Port Support 81

Summary 92



Chapter 6: Using the C Library 93

C Library Variants 93

Newlib C Library 96

Common Startup Code Sequence 97

CS3 Linker Scripts 97

Customized CS3 Startup Code for the Goldfish Platform 103

System Call Implementations 104

Running and Debugging the Library 112

Using Newlib with QEMU ARM Semihosting 116

Summary 122



Chapter 7: Exception Handling and Timer 125

Goldfish Interrupt Controller 125

The Simplest Interrupt Handler 128

Nested Interrupt Handler 140

Testing System Calls/Software Interrupts 163

Timer 164

Real-Time Clock 172

Summary 181



Chapter 8: NAND Flash Support in Goldfish 183

Android File System 183

NAND Flash Properties 185

NAND Flash Programming Interface in the Goldfish Platform 187

Memory Technology Device Support 188

MTD API 189

NAND Flash Programming Interface Test Program 206

Summary 216





Part II: U-Boot 217

Chapter 9: U-Boot Porting 219



Introducing U-Boot 219

Downloading and Compiling U-Boot 220

Debugging U-Boot with GDB 224

Porting U-Boot to the Goldfish Platform 227

Summary 246



Chapter 10: Using U-Boot to Boot the Goldfish Kernel 249

Building the Goldfish Kernel 249

Prebuilt Toolchain and Kernel Source Code 250

Running and Debugging the Kernel in the Emulator 252

Booting Android from NOR Flash 254

Booting Android from NAND Flash 270

Summary 280





Part III: Android System Integration 281

Chapter 11: Building Your Own AOSP and CyanogenMod 283



Introducing AOSP and CyanogenMod 283

Setting Up an Android Virtual Device 284

AOSP Android Emulator Build 288

CyanogenMod Android Emulator Build 297

Summary 307



Chapter 12: Customizing Android and Creating Your Own Android ROM 309

Supporting New Hardware in AOSP 309

Supporting New Hardware in CyanogenMod 332

Summary 338





Part IV: Appendixes 339

Appendix A: Building the Source Code for This Book 341



Setting Up the Build Environment 341

Setting Up a Virtual Machine 344

Organization of Source Code 344

Source Code for Part I 345

Source Code for Part II 350

Source Code for Part III 352



Appendix B: Using Repo in This Book 355

Resources for Repo 355

Syncing a New Source Tree In Minutes 355

Downloading Git Repositories Using Local Manifest 356



Index 359