The Stoics and the State

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - 1. Introduction [Seite 13]
2.1 - 1.1 A State? [Seite 14]
2.2 - 1.2 The Analytical Grid [Seite 16]
3 - 2. Definitions: Four Sources for a Stoic Concept of the State [Seite 21]
3.1 - 2.1 The State of Our Sources [Seite 21]
3.2 - 2.2 Chrysostom: "Human Beings Administrated by Law" [Seite 22]
3.3 - 2.3 Clement of Alexandria [Seite 24]
3.3.1 - 2.3.1 "Neither Expugnable nor Subjugable" [Seite 25]
3.3.2 - 2.3.2 The Wise State vs. the People as an Organized Group [Seite 26]
3.4 - 2.4 Cleanthes: A Construction for Refuge and Justice [Seite 27]
3.5 - 2.5 Arius Didymus: Dwelling and Organized Group [Seite 29]
4 - 3. A Dwelling [Seite 33]
4.1 - 3.1 Urban Structures and Institutions [Seite 33]
4.1.1 - 3.1.1 Gymnasia [Seite 34]
4.1.2 - 3.1.2 Temples [Seite 35]
4.1.3 - 3.1.3 Justice and the Urban Center [Seite 40]
4.2 - 3.2 A Common Home and the Theory of Attachment [Seite 42]
4.2.1 - 3.2.1 Non-instrumental sociability [Seite 43]
4.2.1.1 - 3.2.1.1 Expansional Social Attachment [Seite 44]
4.2.1.2 - 3.2.1.2 Essential Social Attachment [Seite 46]
4.2.2 - 3.2.2 The Cosmos as a Dwelling Made for Gods and Humans [Seite 47]
5 - 4. The Cosmos as a State [Seite 51]
5.1 - 4.1 The Cosmic Home as a World State [Seite 51]
5.2 - 4.2 Only a Comparison? [Seite 53]
5.2.1 - 4.2.1 The Citizen of the Cosmos in Therapy and Exhortation [Seite 54]
5.2.2 - 4.2.2 A Cosmic Model-State [Seite 55]
5.3 - 4.3 From Household to Kingdom [Seite 58]
5.3.1 - 4.3.1 Household Terminology in Stoicism [Seite 61]
5.3.2 - 4.3.2 Polis or Politeia? [Seite 63]
5.3.3 - 4.3.3 The Cosmic Disposition: Fate, Nature, and Providence [Seite 64]
5.3.4 - 4.3.4 The Cosmic Constitution and a Rational Animal's End [Seite 67]
6 - 5. The Law [Seite 71]
6.1 - 5.1 The Definition of Law as Nature's Right Word [Seite 71]
6.1.1 - 5.1.1 Law as a Prescriptive and Prohibitive Body [Seite 71]
6.1.2 - 5.1.2 Fate and Seed-Description (Logos Spermatikos) [Seite 74]
6.2 - 5.2 Justice and the Cosmic Disposition [Seite 75]
6.3 - 5.3 Are Stoic Laws Rules? [Seite 77]
6.4 - 5.4 Experience, Concepts, and Patterns in Nature [Seite 82]
7 - 6. Inhabitants and Citizens [Seite 89]
7.1 - 6.1 Reason as a Prerequisite for Citizenship [Seite 89]
7.2 - 6.2 Gods [Seite 91]
7.2.1 - 6.2.1 Hierarchies in the World State [Seite 91]
7.2.2 - 6.2.2 Is God a Citizen Too? [Seite 93]
7.3 - 6.3 Sages [Seite 94]
7.3.1 - 6.3.1 Right Reason [Seite 95]
7.3.2 - 6.3.2 Reason Twisted [Seite 98]
7.4 - 6.4 Fools [Seite 100]
7.4.1 - 6.4.1 Women [Seite 100]
7.4.2 - 6.4.2 Slaves [Seite 101]
7.4.3 - 6.4.3 Exiles, Rustics, and Feral Persons [Seite 104]
7.4.4 - 6.4.4 Children [Seite 105]
7.5 - 6.5 Eros [Seite 108]
7.5.1 - 6.5.1 The Erotic Efforts of Sages [Seite 108]
7.5.2 - 6.5.2 Eros and Concord [Seite 111]
7.6 - 6.6 Becoming a Citizen: A Rational Animal's End and the State Objective [Seite 111]
8 - 7. Particular Polities [Seite 117]
8.1 - 7.1 Utopia or Reality? [Seite 117]
8.1.1 - 7.1.1 The Reality of the Common Law [Seite 117]
8.1.2 - 7.1.2 Individual Polities and the Primacy of the Law [Seite 119]
8.2 - 7.2 Objectives of Particular States and Best Constitutions [Seite 120]
8.3 - 7.3 The Origin of Particular States [Seite 123]
8.3.1 - 7.3.1 The Earliest Humans: "Fresh from the Gods" [Seite 123]
8.3.2 - 7.3.2 Technology [Seite 124]
8.3.3 - 7.3.3 A Golden Age or a Lucky Age? [Seite 126]
8.3.4 - 7.3.4 Early Political Philosophy [Seite 130]
8.3.5 - 7.3.5 Tyrants and Legislation [Seite 132]
9 - 8. The Early Stoics and the Question of Political Practice [Seite 135]
9.1 - 8.1 Is Zeno's Society of Equals a Democracy? [Seite 135]
9.2 - 8.2 The Early Stoics and the City State [Seite 137]
9.2.1 - 8.2.1 Historical Context and Theory [Seite 137]
9.2.2 - 8.2.2 Early Stoics in Politics [Seite 140]
9.3 - 8.3 The Early Stoics' Attitudes to Leagues and Monarchies [Seite 143]
9.3.1 - 8.3.1 Engagement with Monarchy and Monarchs [Seite 144]
9.3.2 - 8.3.2 Distance and Mediation [Seite 145]
9.4 - 8.4 Stoic Discussions of Political Involvement [Seite 148]
9.4.1 - 8.4.1 Adaptive Agency [Seite 148]
9.4.2 - 8.4.2 In Defense of a Contemplative Life: The Evidence in Seneca [Seite 151]
9.4.3 - 8.4.3 Incurable Polities and Progressor Polities [Seite 156]
9.4.4 - 8.4.4 Just by Nature [Seite 158]
9.4.5 - 8.4.5 Philosophy as Legislation [Seite 160]
10 - 9. Stoicism in Rome [Seite 165]
10.1 - 9.1 The Middle Stoics [Seite 165]
10.2 - 9.2 Imperial Stoics: The Emperor [Seite 169]
10.2.1 - 9.2.1 The Body Politic in Seneca's De Clementia [Seite 169]
10.2.2 - 9.2.2 Epictetus on the Emperor as a Source of Enslaving Desires [Seite 172]
10.2.3 - 9.2.3 Marcus Aurelius [Seite 175]
10.2.3.1 - 9.2.3.1 Marcus Conceptualizes His Status as Emperor [Seite 175]
10.2.3.2 - 9.2.3.2 A Sociable and Political Animal in the World State [Seite 177]
10.2.3.3 - 9.2.3.3 Ruling in Rome [Seite 182]
10.3 - 9.3 Imperial Stoics: The Senate [Seite 184]
10.3.1 - 9.3.1 The Stoic Opposition and Marcus' Political Dream [Seite 184]
10.3.2 - 9.3.2 Seneca's Aristocracy of Virtue [Seite 186]
10.3.2.1 - 9.3.2.1 A Change of Mind [Seite 187]
10.3.2.2 - 9.3.2.2 A New Start [Seite 190]
10.3.2.3 - 9.3.2.3 A New Elite of Equals: The Network of Progressor Friends [Seite 192]
11 - 10. A Few Modern Receptions and Parallels [Seite 201]
11.1 - 10.1 Justus Lipsius [Seite 201]
11.1.1 - 10.1.1 Public Evils and Contingent Laws in De Constantia [Seite 202]
11.1.2 - 10.1.2 Human Selfishness and Protective State Power in the Politica [Seite 205]
11.2 - 10.2 Immanuel Kant and Modern Cosmopolitanism [Seite 209]
11.2.1 - 10.2.1 Anthropology [Seite 210]
11.2.2 - 10.2.2 State, Law, and Institutions [Seite 214]
11.3 - 10.3 Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach [Seite 216]
11.3.1 - 10.3.1 Human Dignity and Human Rights [Seite 217]
11.3.2 - 10.3.2 Capabilities vs. Functions: Chrysippus' Modal Logic [Seite 221]
11.3.3 - 10.3.3 Quietistic Disregard for Human Vulnerability? [Seite 224]
11.3.4 - 10.3.4 The Common Law, Cultural Diversity, and Minimal Consensus [Seite 226]
11.3.5 - 10.3.5 In Conclusion: Radical Evil or Innate Love of Others? [Seite 228]
12 - Literature [Seite 231]
13 - Index of Primary Sources Cited [Seite 247]
14 - Index of Selected Greek and Latin Terms [Seite 261]