The Semitic Languages

1 - Foreword [Seite 6]
2 - Contents [Seite 8]
3 - 1. Introduction [Seite 12]
4 - I. Semitic in an Afroasiatic Context [Seite 18]
4.1 - 2. Semitic-Egyptian Relations [Seite 18]
4.2 - 3. Semitic-Berber Relations [Seite 29]
4.3 - 4. Semitic-Chadic Relations [Seite 38]
4.4 - 5. Semitic-Cushitic/Omotic Relations [Seite 49]
5 - II. Reconstructing Proto-Semitic and Models of Classification [Seite 65]
5.1 - 6. Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology [Seite 65]
5.2 - 7. Reconstructive Morphology [Seite 162]
5.3 - 8. Proto-Semitic Lexicon [Seite 190]
5.4 - 9. Phyla and Waves: Models of Classification of the Semitic Languages [Seite 270]
6 - III. The Semitic Languages and Dialects I: Their Typology [Seite 290]
6.1 - 10. Morphological Typology of Semitic [Seite 290]
6.2 - 11. Syntactic Typology of Semitic [Seite 314]
7 - IV. The Semitic Languages and Dialects II: East Semitic [Seite 341]
7.1 - 12. Akkadian in General [Seite 341]
7.2 - 13. Eblaite and Old Akkadian [Seite 351]
7.3 - 14. Babylonian and Assyrian [Seite 370]
7.4 - 15. Akkadian and Sumerian Language Contact [Seite 407]
7.5 - 16. Akkadian as a Diplomatic Language [Seite 416]
7.6 - 17. Akkadian and Aramaic Language Contact [Seite 427]
8 - V. The Semitic Languages and Dialects III: North-West Semitic [Seite 436]
8.1 - 18. Northwest Semitic in General [Seite 436]
8.2 - 19. Amorite [Seite 463]
8.3 - 20. Ugaritic [Seite 471]
8.4 - 21. Phoenician and Punic [Seite 483]
8.5 - 22. Biblical Hebrew [Seite 491]
8.6 - 23. Mishnaic Hebrew [Seite 526]
8.7 - 24. Modern Hebrew [Seite 534]
8.8 - 25. Hebrew as the Language of Judaism [Seite 548]
8.9 - 26. The Re-Emergence of Hebrew as a National Language [Seite 557]
8.10 - 27. Old Aramaic [Seite 566]
8.11 - 28. Imperial Aramaic [Seite 585]
8.12 - 29. Imperial Aramaic as an Administrative Language of the Achaemenid Period [Seite 598]
8.13 - 30. Late Imperial Aramaic [Seite 609]
8.14 - 31. Jewish Palestinian Aramaic [Seite 621]
8.15 - 32. Samaritan Aramaic [Seite 630]
8.16 - 33. Christian Palestinian Aramaic [Seite 639]
8.17 - 34. Syriac [Seite 648]
8.18 - 35. Syriac as the Language of Eastern Christianity [Seite 663]
8.19 - 36. Jewish Babylonian Aramaic [Seite 671]
8.20 - 37. Mandaic [Seite 681]
8.21 - 38. Western Neo-Aramaic [Seite 696]
8.22 - 39. Turoyo and Mlah.sô [Seite 708]
8.23 - 40. North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic [Seite 719]
8.24 - 41. Neo-Mandaic [Seite 736]
8.25 - 42. Language Contact between Aramaic Dialects and Iranian [Seite 749]
8.26 - 43. Aramaic-Arabic Language Contact [Seite 758]
9 - VI. The Semitic Languages and Dialects IV: Languages of the Arabian Peninsula [Seite 767]
9.1 - 44. Ancient North Arabian [Seite 767]
9.2 - 45. Classical Arabic [Seite 793]
9.3 - 46. Arabic as the Language of Islam [Seite 822]
9.4 - 47. Middle Arabic [Seite 828]
9.5 - 48. Creating a Modern Standard Language from Medieval Tradition: The Nahda and the Arabic Academies [Seite 846]
9.6 - 49. Modern Standard Arabic [Seite 855]
9.7 - 50. Arabic Dialects (general article) [Seite 862]
9.8 - 51. Dialects of the Arabian Peninsula [Seite 908]
9.9 - 52. Arabic Dialects of Mesopotamia [Seite 920]
9.10 - 53. Dialects of the Levant [Seite 931]
9.11 - 54. Dialects of Egypt and Sudan [Seite 946]
9.12 - 55. Arabic in the North African Region [Seite 965]
9.13 - 56. Arabic Sociolinguistics [Seite 981]
9.14 - 57. Arabic Urban Vernaculars [Seite 993]
9.15 - 58. Arabic-based Pidgins and Creoles [Seite 1001]
9.16 - 59. Berber and Arabic Language Contact [Seite 1012]
9.17 - 60. Arabic-Persian Language Contact [Seite 1026]
9.18 - 61. Language Contact between Arabic and Modern European Languages [Seite 1033]
9.19 - 62. Maltese as a National Language [Seite 1044]
9.20 - 63. Ancient South Arabian [Seite 1053]
9.21 - 64. Modern South Arabian [Seite 1084]
10 - VII. The Semitic Languages and Dialects V: Ethio-Semitic Languages [Seite 1125]
10.1 - 65. Ethio-Semitic in General [Seite 1125]
10.2 - 65. Old Ethiopic [Seite 1135]
10.3 - 66. Tigre [Seite 1153]
10.4 - 67. Tigrinya [Seite 1164]
10.5 - 68. Tigrinya as National Language of Eritrea and Tigray [Seite 1181]
10.6 - 69. Amharic [Seite 1189]
10.7 - 70. The Role of Amharic as a National Language and an African lingua franca [Seite 1223]
10.8 - 71. Gurage [Seite 1231]
10.9 - 72. Harari [Seite 1268]
10.10 - 73. Ethiosemitic-Cushitic Language Contact [Seite 1277]
11 - Terminological index [Seite 1288]