Although most textbooks of neurology contain a certain amount of pathological informa tion, neuropathology has often been treated in isolation. However, neuropathology has a close relationship to clinical neurology, neurosurgery and neuroradiology. Thus, advances in the rapidity and accuracy of pathological diagnosis have often led to changes in clinical management and, recently, improvements in clinical diagnosis, particularly CT scanning, have brought about a change in emphasis in the practice of neuropathology. In this textbook we have sought to present a widely based account of neuropathology in combination with information from clinical experience. We chose this approach in order to emphasize the close interrelation between clinician and pathologist. The book grew out of a course organised jointly by two neurologists and two neuropathologists from the Depart ments of Neuropathology and Neurology of The London Hospital and The University of Southampton. It is hoped that the book will be useful not only to pathologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists, but also to general physicians. In a period of rapid advance in knowledge it is important to recognise how changes in the clinical and laboratory disciplines overlap. In order to make the most of consultations with pathologist colleagues the clinician must know what skills and techniques are available in the laboratory, and similarly, the pathologist must keep abreast of changes in clinical practice. In the past the clinician and pathologist have often been slow to appreciate advances in each other's fields.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4471-1335-5 (9781447113355)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4471-1335-5
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Development of Neurology and Neuropathology.- Early concepts of neurological structure and function.- 2. Functional Histology and Anatomy of the Central Nervous System.- Histology of the brain.- Anatomy of the human brain.- Anatomy of the spinal cord.- Basic neuroanatomy from the study of brain evolution.- Further reading.- 3. The Interpretation of Neurological Symptoms and Signs.- Clinical localisation of brain disorders.- Interaction between focal and generalised effects of intracranial lesions.- Spinal cord lesions.- Peripheral nerve disease.- Conclusion.- Further reading.- 4. General Pathology of the Central Nervous System.- Reactions of brain cells to disease processes.- Reactions to brain tissue damage.- The secondary effects of intracranial space-occupying lesions and cerebral oedema.- Hydrocephalus.- Further reading.- 5. Cerebral Vascular Disease.- Stroke.- Physiological aspects of the cerebral circulation.- Cerebral infarcts.- Hypoxic encephalopathy.- Spinal cord infarction.- Venous infarction.- Intracranial haemorrhage.- Further reading.- 6. Trauma to the Nervous System.- Head injuries.- Spinal cord trauma.- Chronic and recurrent trauma to the nervous system.- Radiation myelopathy and encephalopathy.- Further reading.- 7. Intracranial and Spinal Tumours.- Classification.- Incidence of intracranial and spinal tumours.- Clinical presentation of intracranial tumours.- Diagnosis of intracranial tumours.- Intracranial tumours of neuro-epithelial origin.- Tumours of nerve sheath cells.- Meningiomas.- Primary malignant lymphomas of the brain.- Tumours and malformations of blood vessel origin.- Tumours of the pituitary.- Tumours of the pineal.- Metastatic intracranial tumours.- Spinal tumours.- Further reading.- 8. Pituitary Tumours.- Pituitary adenomas.- Craniopharyngiomas and suprasellar cysts.- Further reading.- 9. Virus Infections of the Nervous System.- Clinical aspects and pathology.- Virology of nervous system infections.- Virological investigations in CNS infections.- Investigation of encephalitis.- Further reading.- 10. Bacterial, Fungal and Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System.- Bacterial infections.- Bacterial meningitis.- Tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas.- Neurosyphilis.- Shunt-associated meningitis.- Fungal meningitis.- Other causes of meningitis.- Intracranial abscess.- Mycotic aneurysms.- Protozoal infections.- Metazoal parasites.- Further reading.- 11. Developmental and Neonatal Neuropathology.- Epidemiology.- Pathogenetic considerations.- Development of the human brain.- Chromosomal abnormalities.- Destructive lesions.- Dysraphic malformations.- Hydrocephalus.- Syringomyelia.- Perinatal brain injuries.- The phakomatoses.- Pathology of metabolic disorders of the brain.- Pathology of inborn lysosomal storage disorders.- Further reading.- 12. Metabolic Disorders Affecting the Nervous System.- Neonatal hypothyroidism.- Phenylketonuria.- Disorders of the branched chain amino acids.- Disorders of sulphur metabolism.- Urea cycle disorders.- Carbohydrate disorders.- Inherited disorders of trace metal metabolism.- Diagnosis of inherited disorders of sick infants.- References.- 13. Inborn Lysosomal Storage Disorders Affecting the Nervous System.- Lysosomes and lysosomal storage disorders.- Lysosomal disorders affecting the nervous system.- The mucopolysaccharidoses.- The lipidoses.- The mucolipidoses.- Other lysosomal disorders affecting the nervous system.- Aids to diagnosis of lysosomal disorders.- Management of lysosomal disorders.- References.- 14. Hereditary and System Disorders of the Nervous System.- Clinical features.- Hereditary system degenerations.- Acquired system degenerations.- Further reading.- 15. Dementia.- Epidemiology.- Causes.- Alzheimer's disease.- Multi-infarct dementia.- Pick's disease.- Progressive subcortical gliosis.- Huntington's disease.- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (subacute spongiform encephalopathy).- The amnesic syndrome.- Intermittently raised pressure hydrocephalus (IRPH).- Further reading.- 16. Diseases of Peripheral Nerve.- Nerve biopsy.- Autopsy study of peripheral neuropathies.- Techniques for peripheral nerve histology.- Anatomy of peripheral nerves.- Histology of peripheral nerves.- Development and ageing of peripheral nerves.- General pathology of peripheral nerves.- Axon (wallerian) degeneration and regeneration.- Peripheral nerve diseases.- Further reading.- 17. Diseases of Muscle.- Muscle biopsy technique.- Histological features of neuromuscular disease.- Classification of neuromuscular disorders.- Myopathic disorders.- End-plate disorders.- Inflammatory myopathies.- Neurogenic disorders.- Further reading.
