1 Introduction to Scientific Concepts
1 Introduction and General Concepts, Tim Watson and Ethne L. Nussbaum
SECTION 2 Biophysical and Physiological Constructs
2 Physical Principles of Sound, Electricity and Magnetism, Gail ter Haar
3 Physiological Principles,
(a) The Neurobiology of Pain and Analgesia, Kathleen A. Sluka
(b) Soft Tissue Healing and Repair, Tim Watson
4 Foundations of Electrical Stimulation, David M. Selkowitz
SECTION 3 Thermal and Microthermal Modalities
5 Biophysical Effects of Heating and Cooling, Tim Watson
6 Superficial Heating, Binoy Kumaran
7 Pulsed and Continuous Shortwave and Radiofrequency Therapies, Maryam M. Al-Mandeel and Tim Watson
8 Cryotherapy, Chris Bleakley
SECTION 4 Non-Thermal, Microthermal and Light Energies
9 Ultrasound, Tim Watson
10 Laser/Photobiomodulation, G. David Baxter and Ethne L. Nussbaum
11 Ultraviolet Therapy, Ethne L. Nussbaum
12 Magnetic and Pulsed Magnetic (PEMF) Therapies, Oscar Ronzio
13 Shockwave, Cliff Eaton and Tim Watson
14 Vibration, Marco Y. C. Pang and Freddy M. H. Lam
SECTION 5 Electrical Stimulation
15 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
(TENS), Mark I. Johnson
16 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
(NMES), Joseph Anthony
17 Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), Sally Durham and Sarah Taylor
18 Alternating Currents: Interferential Therapy, Russian Stimulation and Burst-Modulated Low-Frequency Stimulation, Jorge Fuentes C.
19 Electrical Stimulation for Wounds, Luther Kloth, Anna Polak and Tim Watson
SECTION 6 Diagnostics
20 Electrodiagnosis, Michael C. Lescallette
21 Ultrasound Imaging, John Leddy and Mark Maybury
SECTION 7 Safe Practice
22 Electrophysical Agents: General Guidelines, Contraindications and Precautions,Tim Watson and Ethne L. Nussbaum
