Asia Past and Present

About the Authors ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction 1

Part 1 Asian and Non-Asian Cultures Interact to circa 1850 CE 7

Introduction to Part 1: Asian and Non-Asian Cultures Interact to circa 1850 CE 9

1 Cultures and the Development of Core Asian Civilizations 13

2 The Land and the People of Ancient China to 221 BCE: Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties 25

3 China's First Empire: The Qin and Han Dynasties, 221 BCE-220 CE 37

4 The Golden Age of Imperial China: The Sui and Tang Dynasties, 581-960 49

5 The Peaking of Traditional Chinese Civilization: The Song and Yuan Dynasties, 960-1368 59

6 The Decline of Imperial China: The Ming and Early Qing Dynasties, 1368-1840 73

7 Premodern Japan and Korea 87

8 The Formation of Indian Civilization: 1200 BCE-185 BCE 103

9 The Hindu Synthesis at Home: 185 BCE-1200 CE 117

10 The Indianization of South, Central, Southeast, and East Asia: 185 BCE-1200 CE 131

11 India under Islamic Rule: The Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, 1206-1707 143

12 On the Indian and Chinese Northern Frontiers: Asian Empires and Kingdoms on the Central and Inner Asian Steppe, circa 1100-1850 157

13 On the Indian and Chinese Southern Frontiers: Asian Empires and Kingdoms in Southeast Asia, circa 1100-1850 171

14 European Empires in Asia: The Foundations for Revolutionary Transformation, circa 1500-1850 185

Part 2 The Age of Transformations: Nationalism and Modernization in the Era of Global Wars and the Search for New Social Arrangements, circa 1800 to Present 197

Introduction to Part 2: The Age of Transformations: Nationalism and Modernization in the Era of Global Wars and the Search for New Social Arrangements, circa 1800 to Present 199

15 Foreign Incursions, Domestic Challenges, and Late Qing Dynastic Decline: China's Long Road to Modernization, 1840-1911 203

16 The Birth of Republicanism in China, 1911-1949 221

17 The People's Republic of China, 1949- 235

18 Japan's Rapid Modernization, 1868-1918 253

19 Japan Goes from Liberalism to Militarism, 1918-1945 265

20 Japan since World War II 279

21 Korea in Modern Times 293

22 The European Struggle for India and the Emergence of Indian Resistance, 1707-1914 311

23 The Impact of World Wars, Revolution, and Nationalism in India and South Asia, 1914-1945 325

24 India since 1945 341

25 In India's Orbit: South Asian Nations in the Cold War Setting and the Rise of China 357

26 Mainland Southeast Asia since 1945 381

27 Insular Southeast Asia since 1945 413

28 Colonialism, Independence, and Nation Building on the Northern Frontiers of India and China, 1850-2019: Afghanistan, Central and Inner Asia, and the Russian Far East 443

29 Asia in the Twenty-First Century: The Problems of Progress 465

Index 479