Birth Trauma and Perinatal Brain Damage

Part I. birth trauma and associated lesions: Brief historical information.- The concept of birth trauma.- Caput succedaneum, area of periosteal stagnation of blood, subaponeurotic hemorrhage.- Cephalohematoma and skull fractures.- An epidural hemorrhage and changes of the Dura mater.- The configuration of the head and displacement of the skull bones.- The configuration of the head and anomalies of the skull.- Head configuration and venous stasis.- Damage to the cerebellar Tentorium. Mechanisms. Patterns. Classification.- Correlations between pathological changes of the skull roof during childbirth and localization of hemorrhages in the tentorium cerebelli in newborns.- Damage the falx cerebry and veins.- Injuries of the spine and spinal cord.- Compression of the skull, brain and increased intracranial pressure.- Damage during obstetric operations.- Obstetric surgery and intracranial lesions.- Other injuries due to birth trauma.- The method of opening the skull and extracting the brain in fetuses and newborns.- Postmortem assessment of labor from changes in the skull and brain in fetuses and newborn infants.- Part II. The main forms of circulatory disorders in the brain and hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: Subdural hemorrhage.- Leptomeningeal (Subtelny and subarachnoid) hemorrhage.- Subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage.- Hemorrhage in the cerebellum.-Intracerebral hemorrhage.- Periventricular leukomalacia.- Hypoxic-ischemic and other lesions of the brain in children.- The combination and interrelation of the basic forms of violations of cerebral circulation.- Conclusion.