Microplastics in the Ecosphere

Name: Microplastics in the Ecosphere | Air, Water, Soil, and Food
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Air, Water, Soil, and Food

Meththika Vithanage Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 2. Mai 2023

528 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Section I Single Use Plastics
Chapter 1 Scientometric Analysis of Microplastics across the Globe
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methods
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.3.1 Trends in Scientific Production and Citations
1.3.2 Top Funding Agencies
1.3.3 Top 10 Global Affiliations
1.3.4 Top Countries
1.3.5 Top 10 Databases and Journals
1.3.6 Top 10 Published Articles
1.3.7 Top 10 Author Keywords and Research Areas
1.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Microplastic Pollution in the Polar Oceans - A Review
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Plastics
2.1.2 Plastic Pollution
2.1.3 Microplastics
2.1.4 Importance of Microplastic Pollution in the Polar Oceans
2.2 Polar Regions
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Sea Ice
2.2.3 Water
2.2.4 Sediments
2.2.5 Biota
2.3 Future Perspectives
2.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Microplastics - Global Scenario
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Environmental Issues of Plastic Waste
3.3 Coprocessing of Plastic Waste in Cement Kilns
3.3.1 Cost of Plants to Convert Plastic Waste to Refused-Derived Fuel (RDF)
3.4 Disposal of Plastic Waste Through Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT)
3.4.1 Merits of PPT
3.5 Constraints on the Use of Plastic Waste Disposal Technologies
3.6 Alternate to Conventional Petro-based Plastic Carry Bags and Films
3.7 Improving Waste Management
3.7.1 Phasing Out Microplastics
3.7.2 Promoting Research into Alternatives
3.7.3 Actions and Resolutions
References
Chapter 4 The Single-Use Plastic Pandemic in the COVID-19 Era
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Data Sources
4.2.2 Estimation of the General population's Daily Use of Face Masks
4.2.3 Estimation of the Daily Amount of Medical Waste in Hospitals
4.3 Trends in Production and Consumption of SUPs during the Pandemic
4.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment
4.3.2 Packaging SUPs
4.3.2.1 Trends in Plastic Waste Generation, Management, and Environmental Fate during the COVID-19 Era
4.4 SUP Waste from the Pandemic
4.4.1 Environmental Impacts from SUP Waste
4.4.2 Management of SUP Waste
4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Section II Microplastics in the Aerosphere
Chapter 5 Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
5.1 The Phenomenon of Microplastic Transport
5.2 Factors Affecting Microplastic Transport
5.2.1 Types of MPs
5.2.2 Characteristics and Sources of Microplastics Emitters
5.2.3 Meteorological Conditions
5.2.4 Altitude and Surface Roughness
5.2.5 Microplastic Deposition Processes in the Ocean
5.2.6 Microplastics Deposition Processes in the Air
5.3 Microplastic Transport Modelling
5.3.1 Eulerian Method
5.3.2 Lagrangian Method
References
Chapter 6 Microplastics in the Atmosphere and Their Human and Eco Risks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Microplastics in the Atmosphere
6.2.1 Size, Shapes, and Colours
6.2.2 Chemical Composition
6.2.3 Sources of Microplastics
6.2.4 Spatial Distribution and Rate of Deposition
6.2.5 Effects of Climatic Conditions on MP Distribution
6.2.6 Transport Pathways
6.2.7 Pollutants Associated with MPs
6.3 Impact of Microplastics on Human Health and the Eco Risk
6.3.1 Impact on Human Health
6.3.2 Eco Risk
6.4 Strategies to Minimise Atmospheric MPs through Future Research
6.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Sampling and Detection of Microplastics in the Atmosphere
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification
7.3 Sampling Microplastics
7.3.1 Sampling Airborne Microplastics
7.3.2 Sediment
7.3.3 Water
7.3.4 Biota
7.4 Sample Preparation
7.5 Detection and Characterisation of MPs in the Atmosphere
7.5.1 Microscopic Techniques for Detecting MPs
7.5.1.1 Stereomicroscopy
7.5.1.2 Fluorescence Microscopy
7.5.1.3 Polarised Optical Microscopy (POM)
7.5.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
7.5.1.5 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
7.5.1.6 Hot Needle Technique
7.5.1.7 Digital Holography
7.5.2 Spectroscopic Techniques for Analysing MPs
7.5.2.1 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
7.5.2.2 Raman Spectroscopy
7.5.3 Thermal Analysis
7.5.3.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
7.5.3.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
7.5.3.3 Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Pyr-GC-MS)
7.6 Conclusion
Funding
References
Chapter 8 Sources and Circulation of Microplastics in the Aerosphere - Atmospheric Transport of Microplastics
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Occurrence and Abundance of Atmospheric MP
8.1.2 Plastic Polymers and Their Properties
8.1.3 Sources and Pathways of MPs in the Atmosphere
8.2 Temporal and Spatial Trends in MP Accumulation
8.2.1 Roadside MPs
8.2.2 Agricultural Fields and Soil
8.2.3 Wastewater and Sludge
8.2.4 Ocean/Marine Debris
8.3 Formation of MPs
8.3.1 Physical Weathering
8.3.2 Chemical Weathering
8.3.3 Biodegradation
8.3.4 Photo-thermal Oxidation
8.3.5 Thermal Degradation
8.4 Atmospheric Circulation, Transport, Suspension, and Deposition
8.4.1 Wet Deposition
8.4.2 Dry Deposition
8.4.3 Urban Dust
8.4.4 Suspended Atmospheric MPs
8.5 Atmospheric Chemistry of MPs
8.6 Predicting MP Dispersion and Transport
8.7 Eco-Environmental Impacts
8.7.1 Impacts on Human and Wildlife Health
8.7.2 Impacts on the Climate
8.8 Future Perspectives
References
Section III Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment
Chapter 9 Interaction of Chemical Contaminants with Microplastics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Interactions
9.3 Mechanisms
9.3.1 Interactions between Organic Contaminants and Microplastics
9.3.2 Interactions between Heavy Metals and Microplastics
9.3.3 Kinetics of the Sorption Process
9.3.4 Pseudo-First-Order Model
9.3.5 Pseudo-Second-Order Model
9.3.6 Intraparticle Diffusion Model
9.3.7 Film Diffusion Model
9.3.8 Isotherm Models
9.3.9 Langmuir Model
9.3.10 Freundlich Model
9.4 Environmental Burden of Microplastics
9.5 Future Approaches
References
Chapter 10 Microplastics in Freshwater Environments
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Microplastics in Rivers and Tributaries
10.3 Microplastics in Lakes
10.4 Microplastics in Groundwater Sources
10.5 Microplastics in Glaciers and Ice Caps
10.6 Microplastics in Deltas
10.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11 Microplastics in Landfill Leachate: Flow and Transport
11.1 Plastics and Microplastics
11.2 Microplastics in Landfill Leachate
11.3 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12 Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment - Effects on Ocean Carbon Sequestration and Sustenance of Marine Life
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment
12.2.1 Major Sources
12.2.2 Chemical Nature and Distribution Processes
12.2.2.1 Chemical Nature
12.2.2.2 Distribution Processes
12.3 Microplastics and Ocean Carbon Sequestration
12.3.1 Ocean Carbon Sequestration
12.3.2 Effect of Microplastics on Ocean Carbon Sequestration
12.3.2.1 Effect on Phytoplankton Photosynthesis and Growth
12.3.2.2 Effect on Zooplankton Development and Reproduction
12.3.2.3 Effect on the Marine Biological Pump
12.4 Microplastics and Marine Fauna
12.4.1 Effects on Corals
12.4.2 Effects on Fisheries and Aquaculture
12.4.2.1 Shrimp
12.4.2.2 Oysters and Mussels
12.4.2.3 Fish
12.4.3 Effects on Sea Turtles and Sea Birds
12.4.4 Effects on Marine Mammals
12.5 Microplastic Pollution, Climate Change, and Antibiotic Resistance - A Unique Trio
12.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Section IV Microplastics in Soil Systems
Chapter 13 Entry of Microplastics into Agroecosystems: A Serious Threat to Food Security and Human Health
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Sources of Microplastics in Agroecosystems
13.2.1 Plastic Mulching
13.2.2 Plastic Use in Modern Agriculture
13.2.3 Application of Sewage Sludge/Biosolids
13.2.4 Compost and Fertilizers
13.2.5 Wastewater Irrigation
13.2.6 Landfill Sites
13.2.7 Atmospheric Deposition
13.2.8 Miscellaneous Sources
13.3 Implications of Microplastic Contamination on Agroecosystems
13.3.1 Implications for Soil Character
13.3.2 Implications for Crop Plants and Food Security
13.4 Human Health Risks
13.5 Knowledge Gaps
13.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14 Migration of Microplastic-Bound Contaminants to Soil and Their Effects
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Microplastics as Sorbing Materials for Hazardous Chemicals
14.3 Types of Microplastic-Bound Contaminants in Soils
14.3.1 Heavy Metals and Metalloids - Inorganic Contaminants Adsorbed to MPs
14.3.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants, Pharmaceuticals, Antibiotics, Pesticides, and Other Organic Contaminants Adsorbed to MPs
14.4 Effects of Exposure and Co-exposure in Soil - Consequences of Contaminant Sorption for MP Toxicity and Bioaccumulation
14.5 Microplastic-Bound Contaminants in Soils as Potential Threats to Human Health
14.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Plastic Mulch-Derived Microplastics in Agricultural Soil Systems
15.1 Plastic Mulch Films in Agriculture
15.2 Types of Synthetic Polymer Mulch Films
15.3 Weathering of Plastic Mulches and Distribution of Mulch Microplastics in Soils
15.4 Mulch Microplastic Pollution in Soil
15.4.1 Influences of Mulch Microplastics on Soil Physical Properties
15.4.1.1 Soil Bulk Density
15.4.1.2 Water-Holding Capacity
15.4.1.3 Soil Porosity
15.4.1.4 Soil Structure
15.4.2 Influence of MPs on Soil Chemical Properties
15.4.2.1 Soil Organic Matter (SOM)
15.4.2.2 Soil pH
15.4.2.3 Nutrients in Soil
15.4.3 The Impact of Microplastics on Soil Biological Properties
15.4.3.1 Microbial Activity
15.4.3.2 Soil Microbial Processes and Soil Respiration
15.4.3.3 Influence of Microplastics on Soil Fauna
15.5 Mulch Microplastics as a Vector
15.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 16 Critical Review of Microplastics in Soil
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Sources and Transfer of Microplastics in Soils
16.3 Classification, Qualification, and Quantification of Microplastics in Soil
16.4 Effects and Risks of Microplastics on Soil Health
16.4.1 Effects of Microplastics on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
16.4.2 Effects and Risks of Microplastics for Soil Organisms and Humans
16.5 Analytical Methodologies for Microplastics in Soil
16.6 Epilogue and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17 What Do We Know About the Effects of Microplastics on Soil?
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Why and How Do MPs End Up in the Soil?
17.2.1 Mulching Films
17.2.2 Sewage Sludge/Compost Application
17.2.3 Irrigation
17.3 Microplastic Transport in Soils
17.4 Microplastics as Carriers of Soil Contaminants - Contaminant Vectors
17.4.1 MPs as Carriers of Metals and/or Metalloids
17.4.2 MPs as Carriers of Organic Pollutants
17.5 Microplastic Effects
17.5.1 MP Effects on Soil Characteristics
17.5.2 MP Effects on Plant Growth Performance
17.5.3 MP Effects on Soil Nutrient Cycling
17.6 Conclusions and Perspectives for Future Research
References
Chapter 18 Microbial Degradation of Plastics
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Diversity of Plastic-Degrading Microbes
18.3 Mechanism of Microbe-Mediated Decomposition of Plastics
18.4 Molecular Factors in the Microbial Breakdown of Plastics
18.5 Microbes and Sustainable Degradation of Plastics
18.5.1 Outlook
References
Chapter 19 Microplastics and Soil Nutrient Cycling
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Microplastics in Soil
19.2.1 Types of Microplastics in Soil
19.2.2 Sources of Microplastics in Soil
19.3 Effect of Microplastics on Nutrient Cycling
19.3.1 Soil Nitrogen Cycling
19.3.2 Soil Carbon Cycling
19.3.3 Soil Phosphorous Content
19.3.4 Micronutrient and Trace Element Availability in Soil
19.4 Effect of Microplastic-Driven Factors on Soil Nutrient Cycling
19.4.1 Properties of Microplastics
19.4.2 Soil Biological Characteristics
19.4.3 Soil Chemical Characteristics
19.4.4 Soil Physical Characteristics
19.4.5 Consequences of Microplastics for Nutrient Cycling and Implications
19.5 Mechanisms of Microplastic-Driven Plant Toxicity/Nutrient Uptake
19.6 Future Perspectives
References
Section V Microplastics in Food Systems
Chapter 20 Microplastics in the Food Chain
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Significance of Plastics
20.1.2 Microplastics in the Food Chain
20.2 Presence of Microplastics in the Food Chain
20.2.1 Transmission Through the Food Chain
20.2.2 Other Pathways Through Which Microplastics Enter Food
20.2.2.1 Transmission from Food Packaging
20.2.2.2 Transmission Through Food Processing
20.3 Possible Health Effects of Microplastics in Food
20.4 How to Minimize Microplastic Contamination in Food
20.4.1 Need for Research on the Realistic Ecological Impact of Microplastics
20.4.2 Effective Methods of Microplastic Detection and Removal
20.4.3 Public Awareness of the Health Impact of Microplastics
20.4.4 Efficient Disposal of Plastic Waste
20.4.5 Gradual Banning of Microbeads
20.5 Summary
References
Chapter 21 Microplastics in Salt and Drinking Water
21.1 Microplastics in Salt
21.1.1 Introduction
21.1.1.1 Microplastics in Salt: Occurrence and Abundance
21.1.1.2 Microplastic Contamination in Different Salt Types
21.1.1.3 Estimated Consumption of Microplastics through Salt
21.1.1.4 Microplastics in Salt: Analytical Methods Used
21.1.1.5 Removal Strategies
21.2 Microplastics in Drinking Water
21.2.1 Introduction
21.2.2 Microplastics in Drinking Water: Occurrence and Abundance
21.2.2.1 Microplastic in Tap Water
21.2.2.2 Microplastics in Bottled Water
21.2.3 Estimated Human Consumption of Microplastics through Drinking Water
21.2.4 Microplastics in Drinking Water: Analytical Methods Used
21.2.5 Removal Strategies
21.3 Summary
References
Chapter 22 Microplastics in Commercial Seafood (Invertebrates) and Seaweeds
22.1 Microplastics in Commercial Seafood and Seaweeds
22.1.1 Origin of and Demand for Plastics
22.1.2 Global Plastic Production and Plastic Pollution in the Oceans
22.1.3 Possible MP Accumulation Pathways in Commercial Seafood
22.1.4 Microplastics in Commercial Seafood and Seaweeds
22.1.4.1 Microplastics in Mollusks
22.1.4.2 Microplastics in Shrimp
22.1.4.3 Microplastics in Crabs
22.1.4.4 Microplastics in Lobsters
22.1.4.5 Microplastics in Sea Urchins and Sea Cucumbers
22.1.4.6 Microplastics in Seaweeds
22.1.5 Concluding Notes
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 23 Microplastic Toxicity to Humans
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Ingestion of Microplastics
23.3 Human Exposure to Inhalation of Microplastics
23.4 Human Exposure to Dermal Contact with Microplastics
23.5 Conclusions
References
Section VI Treatment Technologies and Management
Chapter 24 Management of Microplastics from Sources to Humans
24.1 Introduction
24.1.1 Composition and Characteristics of Microplastics
24.2 Classification and Sources of Microplastics
24.2.1 Sources of Human Exposure to Microplastics
24.3 Impact of Microplastics on Human Health
24.4 Social and Ecological Impacts of Microplastics
24.4.1 Management Strategies for Microplastics
24.4.1.1 Proper Management of Plastics and Plastic Waste
24.4.1.2 Use of Bio-based and Biodegradable Plastics
24.4.1.3 Improvement of Wastewater and Solid Waste Treatment Processes
24.5 Prospects in Microplastic Management
24.6 Summary
References
Chapter 25 Single-Use Ordinary Plastics vs. Bioplastics
25.1 Ordinary Plastic - General Characteristics
25.2 Bioplastics - General Characteristics
25.3 Biodegradability of Bioplastics
25.4 Selected, Innovative Methods of Bioplastic Production
25.5 Environmental Benefits of Using Bioplastic
25.6 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Section VII Case Studies
Chapter 26 Plastic Nurdles in Marine Environments Due to Accidental Spillage
26.1 Introduction
26.1.1 Microplastics
26.1.2 Plastic Nurdles
26.2 Presence and Sources of Plastic Nurdles in the Environment
26.2.1 In the Terrestrial Environment
26.2.2 In the Marine Environment
26.2.2.1 Nurdle Distribution on Beaches in the Atlantic Ocean in the Twentieth Century
26.2.2.2 Nurdle Distribution on Beaches in the Atlantic Ocean in the Twenty-First Century
26.2.2.3 Nurdle Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea
26.2.2.4 Nurdle Distribution on Beaches in the Pacific Ocean
26.3 Accidental Spillages of Plastic Nurdles
26.3.1 Reported Maritime Accidents Related to Nurdle Spillage
26.3.2 Fate and Transport of Nurdles in Marine Systems
26.3.3 Impacts of Nurdle Spillage on the Marine Environment
26.4 X-Press Pearl Shipwreck - Case Study
26.4.1 Nurdle Spillage
26.4.2 Abundance of Nurdles on Sarakkuwa Beach
26.4.3 Characteristics and Contamination of Spilled Nurdles
26.4.4 Possible Impacts
26.4.4.1 Marine Environment
26.4.4.2 Impact on Marine Diversity
26.4.4.3 Impact on Air Quality
26.4.4.4 Impact on the Terrestrial Environment
26.4.4.5 Impact on the Economy
References
Chapter 27 Compost-Hosted Microplastics - Municipal Solid Waste Compost
27.1 Municipal Solid Waste
27.1.1 Municipal Waste Management
27.1.2 Composting Process as a Source of Microplastics
27.2 Microplastics in Municipal Solid Waste Compost
27.2.1 The abundance of microplastics in compost
27.2.2 Sizes of microplastics
27.2.3 Characteristics of Compost-Hosted Microplastics
27.3 Impact of Microplastic-Contaminated Compost on Soil Properties
27.3.1 Effect on Soil Physical Properties
27.3.2 Impact on Soil Chemical Properties
27.3.3 Influence on Soil Biology
27.4 Compost-Hosted Microplastics as a Vector
27.4.1 Effect on Soil Organisms
27.4.2 Effects on Agriculture
27.5 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 28 Single-Use Ordinary Plastics and Bioplastics - A Case Study in Brazil
28.1 Introduction
28.1.1 Municipality of São Paulo (the Largest in the Country) - State Law No. 15374/2011
28.1.2 State of Rio de Janeiro - State Law No. 8473/2019
28.1.3 Santos(SP) - Municipal Law 232/2019
28.1.4 Ilhabela(SP) - Municipal Law 598/2008
28.1.5 São Sebastião (SP) - Municipal Law 2590/2018
28.1.6 Natal (RN) - Municipal Law 295/2009
28.1.7 Fernando de Noronha Island (PE) - District Decree 002/2018
28.2 Types of Bioplastic
28.2.1 Polyamide Bioplastic (PA)
28.2.2 Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) Bioplastic
28.2.3 Lactic Polyacid (PLA) Bioplastic
28.2.4 Bioplastics Made from Algae
28.2.5 Shrimp Shell Bioplastic
28.2.6 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Bioplastic
28.2.7 Biocatalysts
28.2.8 Drop-in Bioplastics
28.2.9 Organic Waste Bioplastic
28.2.10 Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF) Bioplastic
28.3 Possible Substitutions
28.4 The Recycling Approach
28.5 Energy Recovery
28.6 Public Policies
28.7 Impacts of Environmental Legislation
28.8 Challenges of Bioplastics Production
28.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 29 Microplastics Remediation - Possible Perspectives for Mitigating Saline Environments
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Assimilation of Microplastics in Saline Water Bodies and Soil Ecosystems
29.3 Microplastic Self-Aging and Degradation: Hopes and Risks for the Ecosystem
29.4 Microplastics: Technologies for Remediating Saline Environments
29.5 Economic and Social Aspects of Microplastic Remediation in Saline Conditions
29.6 Conclusion: Hopes, and Resistance to Environmental Remediation to Achieve a Cleaner Environment
References
Chapter 30 The Management of Waste Tires: A Case Study in Brazil
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Methodology
30.3 Results and Discussions
30.3.1 Legislation
30.3.2 Waste Tire Generation
30.3.3 Car and Truck Tire Composition
30.3.4 Comparison Between Systems for Recycling Tires in the EU Countries, the United States, Japan, and Brazil
30.3.5 Technologies for Reuse, Recycling, and Energy Recovery
30.3.6 Waste Tires Used in Boilers
30.3.7 Coprocessing Waste Tires in Cement Kilns
30.3.8 Tire Pyrolysis Process
30.3.9 Reclaimed Rubber and Rugs for Automobiles
30.3.10 Tire Lamination (Punched/Stamped)
30.3.11 Asphalt Rubber
30.3.12 Retreaded Tires
30.4 Reverse Logistics Tires in Brazil
30.4.1 Collection Points
30.4.2 Recycling by Tire Manufacturers
30.4.3 Recycling by Tires Importers
30.5 Discussion
30.6 Conclusions
References
Index
EULA

List of Contributors

Muthumali U. Adikari
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Sri Lanka

Mansoor Ahmad Bhat
Department of Environmental Engineering
Eskisehir Technical University
Eskisehir, Türkiye

Balram Ambade
Department of Chemistry
National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur
Jharkhand, India

Luís Peres de Azevedo
Materials Engineering DsC
Federal University of Ouro Preto
Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Arunima Bhattacharya
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale, ARNA, Institut Européen de Chimie et
Biologie, Université de Bordeaux
Pessac, France

Nanthi Bolan
School of Agriculture and Environment
UWA Institute of Agriculture
University of Western Australia
Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Alfredo Jorge Palace Carvalho
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department
LAQV-REQUIMTE, School of Sciences and Technology
University of Évora
Évora, Portugal

Cláudia C.N. de Carvalho
Department of Biology, State University of Alagoas
Santana do Ipanema
Alagoas, Brazil

Bimal Bhusan Chakraborty
Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry
Assam University
Silchar, India

Sudip Choudhury
Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry
Assam University
Silchar, India

Asitha T. Cooray
Department of Chemistry; Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Kuheli Deb
Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry
Assam University
Silchar, India

Donia Dominic
Department of Botany, St. George's College
Aruvithura, Erattupetta
Kerala, India

Ana V. Dordio
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department;
MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences
Centre School of Sciences and Technology
University of Évora
Évora, Portugal

Fatma Nur Eraslan
Department of Environmental Engineering
Eskisehir Technical University
Eskisehir, Turkey

Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa
Chemical Engineering Department
Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
São Paulo, Brazil

Jorge M.S. Faria
National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research
INIAV
Oeiras, Portugal

Teresa Ferreira
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology; HERCULES Laboratory
University of Évora
Évora, Portugal

Eftade O. Gaga
Department of Environmental Engineering and Environmental Research Center (ÇEVMER)
Eskisehir Technical University
Eskisehir, Türkiye

Sanchala Gallage
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka; University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Sri Lanka

Kadir Gedik
Department of Environmental Engineering
Eskisehir Technical University
Eskisehir, Turkey

Anu Gopinath
Department of Aquatic Environment Management
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies
Cochin, India

Sunayana Goswami
Department of Zoology
Biswanath College
Assam, India

Sedat Gundogdu
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries
Cukurova University
Adana, Turkey

Nurani Ikhlas
Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Institut Teknologi Pembangunan Surabaya
Indonesia

Marta Jaskulak
Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology
Medical University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Poland

Jasintha Jayasanka
Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Chamila V.L. Jayasinghe
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Sharmila Jayatilake
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Lander de Jesus Alves
Postgraduate Program in Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms
State University of Santa Cruz (UESC)
Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

Priya Jose
Department of Botany, St. George's College
Aruvithura, Erattupetta
Kerala, India

Dinushi Kaushalya
Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries & Nutrition
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Santhirasekaram Keerthanan
Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Farhan R. Khan
Norway Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE)
Bergen, Norway

N.K. Sandunika Kithmini
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Pabasari A. Koliyabandara
Department of Civil and Environmental Technology Faculty of Technology
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Homagama, Sri Lanka

K.M. Prakash M. Kulathunga
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Anna Kwarciak-Kozlowska
Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment
Czestochowa University of Technology
Czestochowa, Poland

Carlos Alberto Ferreira Lagarinhos
Metallurgical and Materials Department
Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo
São Paulo, Brazil

Magdalena Madela
Institute of Environmental Engineering
Czestochowa University of Technology
Czestochowa, Poland

Dhammika N. Magana-Arachchi
Molecular Microbiology & Human Diseases Unit
National Institute of Fundamental Studies
Kandy, Sri Lanka

Mehdi Mahbod
Department of Water Sciences and Engineering
College of Agriculture
Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran

Laura A.T. Markley
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY United States

Florin-Constantin Mihai
CERNESIM Center, Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences
Institute of Interdisciplinary Research "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Ia?i
Ia?i, Romania

Manju P. Nair
Department of Aquatic Environment Management
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies
Cochin, India

Ayanthie Navaratne
Department of Chemistry
University of Peradeniya
Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

Fábio C. Nunes
Academic Department
Federal Institute Baiano (IF BAIANO)
Santa Inês, Bahia, Brazil

Yudith Vega Paramitadevi
Environmental Engineering and Management Study Program
Vocational Studies of IPB University
Indonesia

Amir Parnian
National Salinity Research Center (NSRC)
Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
Yazd, Iran

Aleena Maria Paul
Department of Botany
St. George's College
Aruvithura, Erattupetta, Kerala, India

Saurav Paul
Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry
Assam University
Silchar, India

Kalani Imalka Perera
International Program in Hazardous Substances and Environmental Management
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Thailand

Ana Paula Pinto
Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture
Environment and Development, MED & Global Change and Sustainability Institute, CHANGE
Institute for Advanced Studies and Research;
Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora
Évora, Portugal

Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
School of Life Sciences
University of Hyderabad (an Institution of Eminence)
Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Nirmala Prasadi
Department of Food Science
Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario, Canada

K.S.D. Premarathna
Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

H. Umesh K.D.Z. Rajapakse
Department of Food Science and Technology
Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka

Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre
Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
Environmental Sustainability Research Group (ENSI-RG), Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Universitas Diponegoro
Indonesia

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