Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Small and Exotic Animals, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

Name: Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Small and Exotic Animals, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 71.39 EUR
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Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 24. August 2015

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-43028-9 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Small and Exotic Animals
Copyright
Contributors
AUTHORS
Contents
Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats
A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals
Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats
Practical Interpretation and Application of Exocrine Pancreatic Testing in Small Animals
Using Cardiac Biomarkers in Veterinary Practice
Use of Lactate in Small Animal Clinical Practice
Diagnosis of Disorders of Iron Metabolism in Dogs and Cats
Making Sense of Lymphoma Diagnostics in Small Animal Patients
Hematology of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Hematological Assessment in Pet Rabbits: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils: Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
Hematological Assessment in Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): Blood Sample Collection and Blood Cell Identification
Avian Hematology
Reptile Hematology
Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders
Evaluation of the Blood Film
Erratum
Clinical Approach to Advanced Renal Function Testing in Dogs and Cats
Key points
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
URINARY FRACTIONAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES
URINARY BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY INJURY
Commercially Available Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury
Urine albumin/microalbuminuria
Urine ?-glutamyl transpeptidase:creatinine ratio
Selected Investigational Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury
Cystatin C
Interleukin 18
Kidney injury molecule-1
N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
Retinol binding protein
REFERENCES
A Laboratory Diagnostic Approach to Hepatobiliary Disease in Small Animals
Key points
TESTING AND REFERENCE INTERVALS
OVERVIEW OF HEPATIC ENZYMES
Alanine Aminotransferase
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Alkaline Phosphatase
?-Glutamyltransferase
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Bilirubin
Serum Bile Acids
Ammonia
Indirect Markers of Hepatobiliary Disease
HEMATOLOGY
URINALYSIS ABNORMALITIES SECONDARY TO HEPATIC DISEASE
CYTOLOGY
Neoplasia
Lipid and Nonlipid Vacuolar Change
Infectious and Inflammatory Disease
HISTOPATHOLOGY
REFERENCES
Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats
Key points
INTRODUCTION: DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP OF SMALL INTESTINAL DISORDERS
Differential Diagnoses for Acute Small Intestinal Diseases
Systemically well
Systemically unwell, abnormal abdominal palpation, severe diarrhea with hematochezia, melena, and frequent vomiting
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP OF CHRONIC SMALL INTESTINAL DIARRHEA
Causes of Chronic Small Intestinal Disease
INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TESTS TO AID THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC SMALL INTESTINAL DIARRHEA
Serum Albumin Concentrations
Dogs
Cats
Serum Cobalamin Concentrations in Dogs and Cats
Cats
Supplementation recommendations for dogs and cats
Canine Pancreatic Lipase
C-Reactive Protein
Fecal a1-Proteinase Inhibitor
Histology and World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Scoring of Intestinal Biopsies
PARR in Intestinal Biopsies
Perinuclear Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Calprotectin and S100A12
Immunohistochemistry for P-Glycoprotein on Intestinal Biopsies
Immunohistochemistry for CD11c in Intestinal Biopsies
Genetic Testing
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Practical Interpretation and Application of Exocrine Pancreatic Testing in Small Animals
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE DOG
Routine Clinical Pathology
Fluid Cytology
Serum Lipase and Amylase
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide
Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity
Canine Pancreatic Lipase
Serum Pancreatic Elastase
Determining Severity
ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE CAT
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
PANCREATIC NEOPLASIA
Pancreatic Cytology
EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY
REFERENCES
Using Cardiac Biomarkers in Veterinary Practice
Key points
INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
CARDIAC TROPONIN
NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
INDICATIONS FOR C-BNP AND NT-PROBNP TESTING
Differentiation of Cardiac Versus Noncardiac Causes of Respiratory Signs
Detection of Occult Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers and in Cats
Predicting Morbidity and Mortality in Dogs with Heart Disease
INDICATIONS FOR CARDIAC TROPONIN TESTING
LIMITATIONS OF CARDIAC BIOMARKERS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Use of Lactate in Small Animal Clinical Practice
Key points
INTRODUCTION
LACTATE PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM
CLASSIFICATION OF LACTIC ACIDOSIS
SAMPLE COLLECTION AND LACTATE ANALYSIS
ANALYTICAL INTERFERENCES
DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF LACTATE CONCENTRATION
Type A Lactic Acidosis
Type B Lactic Acidosis
D-Lactic Acidosis
LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN OTHER BODY FLUIDS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Diagnosis of Disorders of Iron Metabolism in Dogs and Cats
Key points
REVIEW OF NORMAL IRON METABOLISM
Function
Location
Plasma Iron
Regulation
ASSAYS USED IN THE ASSESSMENT OF IRON STATUS
Serum Iron Concentration
Ferritin
Transferrin
Percent Saturation
Tissue Iron Concentration
Other Assays Not Yet Available in Veterinary Medicine
ASSESSMENT OF IRON STATUS IN DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH IRON METABOLISM
Iron Deficiency
Causation
Iron assays
Hematology
Reticulocyte indices
Iron-refractory iron deficiency
Anemia of Inflammation (Anemia of Chronic Disease)
Causation
Iron assays
Hemochromatosis
Causation
Iron assays
Portosystemic Shunt Microcytosis
Causation
Iron assays
Copper Deficiency
Causation
Iron assays
REFERENCES
Making Sense of Lymphoma Diagnostics in Small Animal Patients
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CYTOLOGY
Lymphocyte Morphology
Diagnosis of Lymphoma by Cytology
Supporting Cytologic Features
Staging of Lymphoma by Cytology
Limitations of Cytology
Sample Requirements
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Overview
Sample Requirements
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING BY FLOW CYTOMETRY
Overview
Flow-Cytometric Panels
Sample Requirements
PARR
Caveats for PARR
Sample Requirements
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
Diagnostic Utility
Key Considerations for Clinical Application
Sample Requirements
TUMOR BIOMARKERS
CASE STUDIES
Case 1
Case 2
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Hematology of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Key points
METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
Restraint
Manual restraint
Chemical restraint
Blood Collection Sites: Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
Volume Collected
MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
REFERENCES
Hematological Assessment in Pet Rabbits
Key point
METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
Restraint
Blood Collection Sites-Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
Volume Collected
Handling of the Blood Sample
MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
INTERPRETATION OF THE HEMOGRAM
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes
REFERENCES
Hematologic Assessment in Pet Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils
Key points
BIOSAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR CLINIC STAFF
METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
Restraint
Manual restraint
Mice
Rats
Gerbils
Hamsters
Chemical restraint
Blood Collection Sites in Rats, Mice, Gerbils, and Hamsters: Location, Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
Collection from tail veins
Collection from ventral caudal artery
Collection from hindlimb vessels
Blood Volume Collected
MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
REFERENCES
Hematological Assessment in Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Key points
METHODOLOGY FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
Restraint
Blood Collection Sites: Location and Preparation, and Venipuncture Techniques
Volume Collected
MORPHOLOGY AND NUMBERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Neutrophils (Heterophils)
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Kurloff Cells
REFERENCES
Avian Hematology
Key points
AVIAN HEMATOLOGY
AVIAN ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY
Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes and Reticulocytes
Anisocytosis
Poikilocytes
Anemia
Regenerative anemia
Nonregenerative anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Hemorrhagic anemia
Polycythemia
Hemoparasites
AVIAN LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
Heterophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Thrombocyte
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Reptile Hematology
Key points
INTRODUCTION
RESTRAINT AND BLOOD COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
General Comments
Snakes
Lizards
Chelonians
Crocodilians
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
FACTORS AFFECTING THE NORMAL HEMOGRAM
Demographics
Biological Activity
Season and Environmental Conditions
Restraint
DISORDERS OF HEMATOLOGY
Erythrocytic Disorders
Anemia
Polycythemia
Inclusions
Leukocytic Disorders
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Inclusions/hemoparasites
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Fish Hematology and Associated Disorders
Key points
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD COLLECTION
Restraint Techniques
Venipuncture Sites
Sample Handling
HEMATOLOGIC EVALUATION
Erythrocyte Structure and Function
Packed Cell Volume
Red Blood Cell Indices
Leukocyte Structure and Function
Thrombocytes
Complete Blood Count (Hemacytometer)
Blood Smear and Differential
Interpretation of Results
REFERENCES
Evaluation of the Blood Film
Key points
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
ACQUIRED CHANGES IN LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
THROMBOCYTES AND PLATELETS
BLOOD PARASITES OF BIRDS
BLOOD PARASITES AND RED CELL INCLUSIONS OF HERPTILES (REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS)
BLOOD PARASITES OF FISH
REFERENCES

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