Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology

Name: Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 234.99 EUR
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Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 19. Mai 2021

656 Seiten

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Beschreibung

Learn more about phytoremediation technology with this state-of-the-art resource from an internationally recognized editor and leader in his field

The Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology discusses sustainable approaches to the removal of contaminants from the environment or the reduction of their toxicity. The distinguished editor has included resources from an internationally recognized group of academics who discuss strategies to increase the effectiveness of phytoremediation.

Special attention is paid to the use of organic amendments to facilitate soil cleanup and the growth of phytoremediation plants. The book includes discussions of new remediation technologies, global trends in the environmental remediation industry, and the future challenges and opportunities likely to arise in the short and long term.

The Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology provides a compelling case for the cost-effectiveness, aesthetics, and minimal environmental disturbance of phytoremediation. Topics covered include:

* A discussion of activated carbon from lignin, particularly its use as a sorbent for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments

* An exploration of fresh and mature organic amendments for phytoremediation of technosols contaminated with high concentrations of trace elements

* An examination of the revitalization of metal-contaminated, EDTA-washed soil by addition of unpolluted soil, compost, and biochar

* A treatment of wheat straw biochar amendments on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil

Perfect for environmental engineers, environmental scientists, geologists, chemical engineers, and landscape engineers, Handbook of Assisted and Amendment-Enhanced Sustainable Remediation Technology is also an indispensable reference for scientists working in the green chemistry and technology industries, biochemical engineers, environmental regulators, and policy makers.

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Part I Global Scenario of Remediation and Combined Clean Biofuel Production
Chapter 1 Global Remediation Industry and Trends
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Rise of Phytoremediation
1.1.2 The Phytoremediation Industry
1.1.3 The Key Players in Global Remediation and Phytoremediation
1.1.3.1 Markets by Sector
1.1.3.2 Markets by Application
1.1.3.3 Sizes of Market Sectors Potentially Available to Phytoremediation
1.2 Global
1.3 Mining in Latin America and Phytoremediation Possibilities
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 2 Sustainable Valorization of Biomass: From Assisted Phytoremediation to Green Energy Production
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bioenergy: The Role of Biomass
2.3 Assisted Phytoremediation: Valorization of Biomass
2.4 Assisted Phytoremediation-Bioenergy: An Integrated Approach
2.5 Conclusions
References
Part II Biochar-Based Soil and Water Remediation
Chapter 3 Biochar - Production, Properties, and Service to Environmental Protection against Toxic Metals
3.1 Introduction
3.2 How to Produce Biochar
3.3 Biochar Properties
3.4 Biochar in the Service of Environmental Protection
3.5 Soil Characteristics
3.6 Environmental Hazards Caused by Heavy Metals
3.7 Characteristics of Selected Heavy Metals
3.8 Zinc
3.9 Copper
3.10 Lead
3.11 Cadmium
3.12 Soil Pollution
3.13 What Is Remediation and What Is it for?
3.14 Improving Soil Properties
3.15 Removal of Impurities
3.16 The Addition of Biochar to Contaminated Soils may be Such a Solution
3.17 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Biochar-based Water Treatment Systems for Clean Water Provision
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis of Biochar
4.2.1 Pyrolysis Process
4.2.2 Pyrolysis Technology
4.3 Biochar Properties
4.3.1 Biochar Surface Chemistry
4.3.2 Pyrolysis Effect on Chemical Properties of Biochar
4.3.3 Pyrolysis Effect on Physical Properties of Biochar
4.4 Mechanism of Adsorption
4.4.1 Heavy Metal Removal Mechanism
4.4.2 Organic Contaminants Removal Mechanism
4.4.3 Pathogenic Organism Removal Mechanism
4.5 Factors Affecting Adsorption of Contaminants on Biochar
4.5.1 Biochar Properties
4.5.2 Post Treatment or Modification
4.5.3 Solution pH
4.5.4 Co-existed Ions
4.5.5 Dosage of Adsorbents
4.5.6 Temperature
4.5.7 Contact Time
4.5.8 Initial Concentration of Pollutants
4.6 Biochar-Based Water Treatment Systems
4.6.1 Biochar Supply
4.6.2 Biochar Use
4.6.3 Regeneration
4.6.3.1 Thermal Regeneration
4.6.3.2 Solvent Regeneration
4.6.3.3 Microwave Irradiation Regeneration
4.6.4 Supercritical Fluid Regeneration
4.6.5 Sustainability of Biochar Utilization
References
Chapter 5 Biochar for Wastewater Treatment
5.1 Biochar Production and Its Characteristics
5.2 Modification of Biochar
5.3 Comparison of Biochar with Activated Carbon
5.4 Biochar Adsorption Mechanism
5.5 Adsorption Kinetics of Aqueous-Phase Organic Compounds
5.6 Influence of pH, Temperature, and Biochar Dose on the Adsorption Process
5.7 Biochar Technology in Wastewater Treatment
5.8 Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 6 Biochar for Bioremediation of Toxic Metals
6.1 The Idea of Using Biochar with the Assumption of Closed Circulation
6.2 The Role of Biochar in Soil - General Information
6.3 Biochar as a Sorbent - Physical and Structural Composition
6.4 The Role of Biochar in Removing Heavy Metals from Soil
6.5 Utilization of Selected Heavy Metals from Soil
6.6 Mechanism of Heavy Metals-Biochar
6.7 Summary
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 7 Biochar Assisted Remediation of Toxic Metals and Metalloids
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biochar and its Remarkable Physical Chemical and Biological Properties
7.2.1 Physical Properties of Biochar
7.2.1.1 Density and Porosity
7.2.1.2 Surface Area of Biochar
7.2.1.3 Pore Volume and Pore Size Distribution
7.2.1.4 Water Holding Capacity and Hydrophobicity
7.2.1.5 Mechanical Stability
7.2.2 Chemical Properties
7.2.2.1 Atomic Ratios
7.2.2.2 Elemental Composition
7.2.2.3 Energy Content
7.2.2.4 Fixed Carbon and Volatile Matter
7.2.2.5 Presence of Functional Groups
7.2.2.6 pH of Biochar
7.2.2.7 Cation Exchange Capacity
7.2.3 Biological Properties of Biochar
7.2.3.1 Biochar as a Habitat for Soil Microorganisms
7.2.3.2 Biochar as a Substrate for the Soil Biota
7.3 Heavy Metal Pollutants
7.4 Interactions between Biochar and Heavy Metal
7.4.1 Types of Interactions Occurs between Biochar and Heavy Metals
7.4.1.1 Direct Interaction
7.4.1.2 Electrostatic Attractions
7.4.1.3 Ion Exchange
7.4.1.4 Complexation
7.4.1.5 Precipitation
7.4.1.6 Sorption
7.4.1.7 Indirect Interactions
7.4.1.8 Biochar Metal Interactions
7.5 Biochar as a Bioremediator
7.5.1 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Pollutant by the Use of Microorganism and Biochar
7.5.2 Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Pollutants by the Use of Plants and Biochar
7.5.3 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Pollutant through the Combination of Biochar, Plant, and Microorganism
7.6 Application of Biochar in Bioremediation of Mining Area
7.6.1 Application of Biochar in Bioremediation of Acid Mine Wastes
7.6.2 Alkaline Tailing Soils
7.7 Limitation of Biochar Amended Bioremediation
7.7.1 Phytoextraction of Arsenic
7.7.2 Phytoremediation of Sewage Sludge
7.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Use of Biochar as an Amendment for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biochar Production Conditions
8.3 Modification to Improve Remediation Potential of Biochar
8.4 Mechanism of Metal Immobilization by Biochar
8.4.1 Direct Biochar-Heavy Metal Interaction
8.4.1.1 Electrostatic Attraction
8.4.1.2 Ion Exchange
8.4.1.3 Complexation
8.4.1.4 Precipitation
8.4.2 Indirect Biochar-Heavy Metals-Soils Interactions
8.4.2.1 Impact on Soil pH, CEC, and Organic Carbon Content, thus Metal Mobility
8.4.2.2 Impacts on Soil Mineral Composition and Metal Mobility by Biochar Application
8.5 Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Biochar
8.6 Application of Biochar for Immobilization of Heavy Metals and Enhancement of Plant Growth
8.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Biochars for Remediation of Recalcitrant Soils to Enhance Agronomic Performance
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biochar Properties
9.2.1 Production
9.2.2 Properties
9.3 Application and Impact of Biochar on Soils
9.3.1 Biochar in Soil Carbon Sequestration
9.3.2 Influence on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
9.3.3 Influence on Microbial Activity and Soil Biota
9.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 10 Biochar Amendment Improves Crop Production in Problematic Soils
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Roles of Biochar in Soil Improvement
10.2.1 Physical Characteristics
10.2.2 Chemical Properties
10.2.3 Biological Indices
10.3 Other Roles of Biochar
10.4 Agricultural Productivity in Biochar Amended Soil
10.4.1 Advantages of Using Biochar as a Soil Supplement
10.5 Reclamation of Degraded Soils Using Biochar
10.6 Conclusions
References
Part III Organic Amendments Use in Remediation
Chapter 11 Use of Organic Amendments in Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils: Prospects and Challenges
11.1 Agricultural Organic Waste
11.2 Forestry By-Products
11.3 Composts
11.4 Sewage Sludge/Biosolids
11.5 Humic Substances
11.6 Biochar
11.7 Constructed Organic-Derived Soils
11.8 Directions for Future Research
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12 Rice Husk and Wood Derived Charcoal for Remediation of Metal Contaminated Soil
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils
12.3 Rice Husk Ash (RHA) - Production, Characteristics, and Application
12.3.1 Utilization of Rice Husk Ash as Soil Amendment and Metal Removal
12.4 Charcoal - Production and Applications
12.4.1 Charcoal as Amendment and Metal Removal
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Enhanced Composting Using Woody Biomass and Its Application in Wasteland Reclamation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Composting Process
13.3 Types of Composting
13.4 Woody Biomass Waste as Co-composting Material
13.4.1 Usage of Woody Biochar in Composting
13.4.2 Woody Biochar-Microbial Consortia
13.4.3 Usage of Wood Ash in Composting
13.4.4 Usage of Wood Derived Materials in Composting
13.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting Woody Biomass
13.6 Application of Woody Biomass Compost in Restoration of Wastelands
13.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14 Sewage Sludge as Soil Conditioner and Fertilizer
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants
14.2.1 Soil Remediation Practices
14.2.2 Sewage Sludge in the Remediation of Degraded Soils
14.2.2.1 Sewage Sludge as a Source of NPK
14.2.3 Substrates Produced or Based on Sewage Sludge-Biosolids
14.2.4 Biosolids as Fertility Restorer and Conditioner
14.2.5 Impact of Sewage Sludge and Biosolids on Soil Microorganisms
14.2.6 Sewage Sludge Amendments in Relation to CO2 Sequestration
14.2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Sustainable Soil Remediation Using Organic Amendments
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Organic Amendments for Soil Remediation
15.2.1 Composts
15.2.2 Animal Manures and Biosolids
15.3 Impact of Organic Amendments on Soils
15.3.1 Influence on Soil Physical Properties
15.3.2 Influence on Microbial Activities and Soil Biota
15.3.3 Influence of the Content of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
15.4 Potential Risks of the Use of Organic Amendments
15.5 Conclusions
References
Part IV Advanced Technologies for Remediation of Inorganics and Organics
Chapter 16 Biosurfactant-Assisted Bioremediation of Crude Oil/Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Surfactants and Biosurfactants
16.3 Microbial Surfactants
16.4 Types of Biosurfactants
16.4.1 Glycolipid Biosurfactants
16.4.1.1 Rhamnolipids
16.4.1.2 Trehalose
16.4.1.3 Sophorolipid
16.4.2 Phospholipids Biosurfactant
16.4.3 Lipopeptides and Lipoproteins
16.4.4 Fatty Acid
16.4.5 Polymeric and Particulate Biosurfactant
16.5 Optimization of Biosurfactants
16.6 Biosurfactant in Bioremediation
16.6.1 Glycolipids Mediated Crude Oil Remediation
16.6.2 Lipopeptide Mediated Crude Oil/Hydrocarbons Degradation
16.6.3 Bioemulsifiers Mediated Crude Oil/Hydrocarbons Degradation
16.7 Challenges and Future Prospectives
16.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Advanced Technologies for the Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soils
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Consumption and Need for Removal
17.2.1 Worldwide Consumption of Pesticide
17.2.2 Production and Usage of Pesticide in India
17.2.3 Need for Removal
17.3 Remediation Technologies for Pesticidal Contamination
17.3.1 Physico-Chemical Remediation
17.3.1.1 Adsorption
17.3.1.2 Oxidation-Reduction
17.3.1.3 Catalytic Degradation
17.3.1.4 Nano Technology
17.3.2 Biological Remediation
17.3.2.1 Role of Plants
17.3.2.2 Role of Microflora
17.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Enzymes Assistance in Remediation of Contaminants and Pollutants
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Cyanide Degradation
18.3 Rhizosphere
18.3.1 Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
18.3.2 Degradation of Pesticides
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19 Thiol Assisted Metal Tolerance in Plants
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Sulfur Metabolism in Plants
19.3 Thiols Induced Metal Tolerance in Plants
19.3.1 Role of Metal Transporters
19.3.2 Role of Thioredoxins and Glutaredoxins
19.3.3 Role of Metallothioneins
19.3.4 Role of Phytochelatins in Heavy Metal Stress Mitigation
19.3.4.1 Heavy Metal Detoxification Mechanism
19.3.5 Role of Glutathione in Heavy Metal Stress Mitigation
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Biological Remediation of Selenium in Soil and Water
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Sources of Selenium
20.2.1 Soil
20.2.2 Water
20.2.3 Air
20.3 Significance in Human Health
20.4 Biological Remediation Processes
20.4.1 Phytoremediation
20.4.1.1 Phytoextraction
20.4.1.2 Phytovolatilization
20.4.1.3 Rhizofiltration
20.4.2 Bioremediation
20.4.2.1 Planktonic Cells of Axenic Bacterial Culture
20.4.2.2 Biofilm of Axenic Bacterial Culture
20.4.2.3 Microbial Consortia
20.4.3 Bioamendment with Chelating Agents and Organic Matter
20.4.4 Biosorption
20.5 Conclusion
References
Part V Microbe and Plant Assisted Remediation of Inorganics and Organics
Chapter 21 Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria for Soil Sustainability
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Biofertilizer
21.2.1 PSM Requirement in Plants
21.2.2 Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM)
21.2.3 Application of PSB Inoculants
21.3 Mechanism of P Solubilization
21.3.1 Lowering of Soil pH
21.3.2 Chelation
21.3.3 Mineralization
21.4 PSB Help Plant Growth
21.5 Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB)
21.5.1 Mechanism of Action of PSB
21.6 Soil Sustainability with PSB
References
Chapter 22 Microbe and Plant-Assisted Remediation of Organic Xenobiotics
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Impact of PAHs on Environment
22.3 PAHs in Soil and Sediments
22.4 Molecular Weight and Aqueous Solubility
22.5 Plant Assisted Remediation of PAHs
22.5.1 Phytoremediation
22.5.1.1 Phytoextraction
22.5.1.2 Phytostabilization
22.5.1.3 Phytovolatilization
22.5.1.4 Phytodegradation
22.5.1.5 Rhizodegradation
22.6 Plant and Microbe Assisted Remediation - Synergistic Approaches
22.7 Plant-Endophyte Partnership in Phytoremediation
22.7.1 Endophyte Colonization and Survival
22.7.2 Beneficial Mutualistic Interactions Between Endophytes and Their Hosts
22.7.2.1 Nutrient Bioavailability
22.7.2.2 Modulation and Synthesis of Phytohormones
22.7.2.3 Defense Mechanisms against Phytopathogens
22.7.3 Biosurfactants and Their Roles in Phytoremediation
22.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Assisted Phytoremediation of Inorganic and Organic Contaminants Including Amelioration of Perturbed Marginal Soils
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Features and Mechanisms
23.2.1 Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins
23.2.2 Siderophores
23.2.3 ACC Deaminase
23.2.4 Phosphate Solubilization
23.2.5 Nitrogen Fixation
23.2.6 Indirect Mechanisms
23.3 Influence of PGPR on Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons Remediation
23.4 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria to Face Salinity and Drought in Marginal Soils
23.4.1 Survival to Abiotic Stress
23.4.2 Affecting the Drought Pressure
23.4.3 Improving the Salinity Tolerance
23.4.4 Phytodepuration for Water Reclamation
23.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24 Plant and Microbe Association for Degradation of Xenobiotics Focusing Transgenic Plants
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Xenobiotics in the Environment
24.3 Mechanism of Degradation of Xenobiotics
24.4 Plant and Microbe Association for Degradation of Xenobiotics
24.5 Transgenic Plants and Microbes for the Remediation of Xenobiotics
24.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25 Azolla Farming for Sustainable Environmental Remediation
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Diversity and Ecological Distribution
25.3 Growth Conditions for Optimal Biomass Productivity
25.4 Phytoremediation of Water Bodies
25.5 Prospects in Sustainable Remediation and Bioeconomy
25.6 Outlook
References
Chapter 26 Mangrove Assisted Remediation and Ecosystem Services
26.1 Mangrove Ecosystems
26.2 Mangrove Plants
26.3 Factors Responsible for Mangrove Degradation and Destruction
26.4 Ecosystem Services of Mangroves
26.4.1 Mangrove as a Sink of Pollutants
26.4.1.1 Heavy Metals
26.4.1.2 Heavy Metal Indices
26.4.1.3 Association with Other Elements
26.4.1.4 Organic Compounds
26.4.1.5 Waste Water
26.4.1.6 Microorganism Association and Isolation
26.5 Methodologies to Use Mangroves for Remediation
26.6 Final Comments
References
Part VI Nanoscience in Remediation
Chapter 27 Nanotechnology Assisted Remediation of Polluted Soils
27.1 Soil as Soil of Life
27.2 Soil Pollution
27.3 Impact of Soil Pollution
27.4 Nanopollution
27.5 Soil Remediation
27.5.1 Conventional Soil Remediation Techniques and Methods
27.5.1.1 Bioremediation
27.5.1.2 Thermal Desorption
27.5.1.3 Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation
27.5.1.4 Pump and Treat
27.5.1.5 In-Situ Oxidation
27.5.2 Nanotechnology Based Soil Remediation Methods
27.5.2.1 Nanomaterials
27.5.2.2 Nano-Bioremediation
27.5.2.3 Bioremediation with Biogenic Uraninite NPs
27.5.2.4 Bioremediation with Engineered Polymeric NPs
27.5.2.5 Bioremediation with Single Enzyme NPs
27.5.2.6 Zeolites in Soil Remediation with Nanotechnology
27.5.2.7 Soil Remediation with Iron Oxide NPs
27.5.2.8 Soil Remediation with Nano Scale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI)
27.5.2.9 Remediation with Other Metal-based NPs
27.5.2.10 Remediation with Phosphate-based NPs
27.5.2.11 Soil Remediation with Iron Sulfide NPs
27.5.2.12 Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) in Soil Remediation
27.5.2.13 Nanoclay in Soil Remediation
27.6 Future Scope of Nanotechnology in Soil Remediation
References
Chapter 28 Remediation of Wastewater Using Plant Based Nano Materials
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Materials and Methods
28.2.1 Materials
28.2.2 Preparation of Extract
28.2.3 Synthesis of AgNPs
28.2.4 Characterization of Synthesized AgNPs
28.2.5 Catalytic Activity of Synthesized AgNPs
28.3 Results and Discussion
28.3.1 Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
28.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy
28.3.3 Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy
28.3.4 Catalytic Property of AgNPs
28.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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