Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now considered the imaging modality of choice for the majority of disorders affecting the central nervous system. This is particularly true for gray and white matter disorders, thanks to the superb soft tis sue contrast in MRI which allows gray matter, unmyelinated, and myelinated white matter to be distinguished and their respective disorders identified. The pre sent book is devoted to the disorders of myelin and myelination. A growing amount of detailed in vivo information about myelin, myelination, and myelin dis orders has been derived both from MRI and from MR spectroscopy (MRS). This prompted us to review the clinical, laboratory, biochemical, and pathological data on this subject in order to integrate all available information and to provide im proved insights into normal and disordered myelin and myelination. We will show how the synthesis of all available information contributes to the interpretation of MR images. After a brief historical review about the increasing knowledge on myelin and my elin disorders, we propose a new classification of myelin disorders based on the subcellular localization of the enzymatic defects as far as the inborn errors of me tabolism are concerned. This classification serves as a guide throughout the book. All items of the classification will be discussed and, whenever relevant and possi ble, be illustrated by MR images.
Sprache
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Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-3-662-02568-0 (9783662025680)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-662-02568-0
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Introduction.- 2 Classification of Myelin Disorders.- 3 White Matter and Myelin.- 4 Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Application in Myelin Disorders.- 5 Myelination and Retarded Myelination.- 6 Lysosomes and Lysosomal Disorders.- 7 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.- 8 Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy: Krabbe's Disease.- 9 Wolman's Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease.- 10 Niemann-Pick Disease.- 11 GM1 Gangliosidosis.- 12 GM2 Gangliosidosis.- 13 Fucosidosis.- 14 Peroxisomes and Peroxisomal Disorders.- 15 Zellweger Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome.- 16 Adrenoleukodystrophy.- 17 Refsum's Disease.- 18 Hyperpipecolic Acidemia.- 19 Pseudo-Zellweger Syndrome.- 20 Pseudo-neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy.- 21 Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis.- 22 Abetalipoproteinemia.- 23 Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.- 24 Mitochondrial Leukoencephalopathy.- 25 Canavan's Disease.- 26 Disorders of Amino Acid and Organic Acid Metabolism.- 27 GM3 Gangliosidosis.- 28 Cockayne's Disease.- 29 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease.- 30 Alexander's Disease.- 31 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy of the Fukuyama Type.- 32 Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, Concentric Sclerosis, and Schilder's Diffuse Sclerosis.- 33 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis.- 34 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis.- 35 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.- 36 Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis.- 37 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.- 38 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.- 39 Other Infections of the Brain.- 40 Central Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis.- 41 Vitamin B12 Deficiency.- 42 Marchiafava-Bignami Syndrome.- 43 Other Toxic and Metabolic Leukoencephalopathies.- 44 Posthypoxic Leukoencephalopathy.- 45 Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy.-46 Other Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Lesions.- 47 Leukoencephalopathy after Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy.- 48 Hydrocephalus.- 49 Wallerian Degeneration and Demyelination Secondary to Neuronal and Axonal Degeneration.- 50 Pattern Recognition in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myelin Disorders.- 51 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Basic Principles, and Application in Myelin Disorders.- Epilogue.- References.
