Fundamentals of Industrial Chemistry

1. Introduction 1
References 3
2. Inorganic Chemicals 5
2.1 Sulfuric acid 5
2.2 Phosphoric acid 7
2.3 Lime 9
2.4 Soda Ash 10
2.5 Titanium Dioxide 10
2.6 Sodium Chloride and Chloralkali 11
Questions 14
References 15
3. Gases 17
3.1 Syn Gas 17
3.2 Nitrogen and Oxygen 24
3.3 Ammonia 26
Questions 31
References 32
4. Patents 35
Questions 43
References 46
5. Petrochemicals 47
5.1 Crude Oil 47
5.2 Coal, Natural Gas and Shale Oil 52
5.3 Ethylene 53
5.4 Propylene 57
5.5 BTX 59
Questions 60
References 61
6. Business Considerations 63
6.1 Introduction 63
6.2 Six Sigma 64
6.3 Stage-Gate(TM) 66
6.4 Organization 68
6.5 Gantt Charts 70
6.6 Cost Estimates 71
6.7 Scale-up Considerations 75
Questions 82
References 83
7. Polymer Basics 85
Questions 104
References 106
8. Some Industrially Important Polymers 109
8.1 Polyethylene 109
8.2 Polypropylene 112
8.3 Polyvinyl Chloride 113
8.4 Other Olefin Polymers 116
8.5 Polyester 117
8.6 Polycarbonate 121
8.7 Nylon 122
8.8 Polyimide 125
8.9 Fluoropolymers 126
8.10 Polyphenylene Sulfide 128
8.11 Acetal Resin 129
8.12 Thermosets 130
Questions 136
References 139
9. Blends and Additives 141
9.1 Blends 141
9.2 Antioxidants 143
9.3 UV Stabilizers 147
9.4 Antistatic Agents 148
9.5 Peroxides 149
9.6 Lubricants 151
9.7 Flame Retardants 151
9.8 Heat Stabilizers 155
9.9 Plasticizers 156
9.10 Others 157
Questions 159
References 161
10. Pharmaceuticals 163
10.1 The Drug Development Process 163
10.2 Regulation 165
10.3 Synthetic Considerations 169
10.4 Chirality 172
Questions 179
References 181
11. Pharmaceuticals-Some Important Drugs 183
11.1 Introduction 183
11.2 Cholesterol Drugs 184
11.3 Hypertension 187
11.4 Proton Pump Inhibitors 193
11.5 Diabetes 195
11.6 Antidepressants 198
References 201
12. Agricultural Chemicals 203
12.1 Overview 203
12.2 Fertilizer 204
12.3 Insecticides 205
12.4 Herbicides 211
12.5 Fungicides 217
References 219
13. Design of Experiments and Statistical Process Control223
13.1 Introduction 223
13.2 Design of Experiments 229
13.3 Statistical Process Control 232
Questions 237
Reference 237
14. Safety and Environmental Considerations 239
14.1 Safety and Responsible Care 239
14.2 Environmental Compliance 243
14.3 Green Chemistry 245
Questions 249
References 250
Index 251