Schweitzer Fachinformationen
Wenn es um professionelles Wissen geht, ist Schweitzer Fachinformationen wegweisend. Kunden aus Recht und Beratung sowie Unternehmen, öffentliche Verwaltungen und Bibliotheken erhalten komplette Lösungen zum Beschaffen, Verwalten und Nutzen von digitalen und gedruckten Medien.
Master paediatric pain management with precision
This practical guide equips nurses and healthcare professionals with evidence-based skills to effectively manage children's pain. Explore assessment techniques, pain relief strategies, and best practices for both hospital and community settings, with a focus on core knowledge, advanced insights, clinical scenarios, and practical tips.
The fully updated third edition includes an expanded procedural sedation section, enhanced coverage of capnography for respiratory monitoring, a new quality improvement sciences section, and additional online MCQs and self-assessment material.
Written by experienced authors, with contributions from global experts, Managing Pain in Children and Young People covers:
With a multidisciplinary focus, this essential resource is tailored for healthcare practitioners working with children and young people; including doctors, nurses, psychologists, and physiotherapists. This essential resource empowers you to provide the best possible care for young patients, helping them find comfort and relief in their journey towards healing.
Alison Twycross is Former Deputy Dean and Professor of Children's Nursing; Honorary Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, UK.
Jennifer Stinson is Mary Jo Haddad Nursing Chair in Child Health; Nurse Practitioner, Chronic Pain Program; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, and Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada.
William T. Zempsky, MD, MPH is the Francine L. and Robert B. Goldfarb-William T. Zempsky, MD Endowed Chair for Pain and Palliative Medicine, Vice Chair for Academic Affairs and Research at Connecticut Children's Medical Center, as well as Professor of Pediatrics at University of Connecticut School of Medicine, USA.
Abbie Jordan is a Reader in the Department of Psychology and member of the Centre for Pain Research at the University of Bath, UK.
Contributors xx
Foreword xxiii
Acknowledgements xxiv
1 Introduction 1 Alison Twycross
Multimodal Pain Management 1
References 6
2 Why Treating and Preventing Pain Matters 8 Nicole E MacKenzie, Perri R Tutelman, Christine T Chambers, and Kathryn A Birnie
What is Pain? 8
Nociceptive Pain 9
Chronic Pain 9
What is Unique about Pain in Children and Young People? 10
The Historical Context of Children and Young People's Pain 10
The Current Context of Children and Young People's Pain 12
Consequences of Undermanaged Pain in Children and Young People 14
Ethical Imperative of Managing Pain in Children 14
Summary 16
Multiple Choice Questions 16
References 17
3 Anatomy and Physiology of Pain 21 Charlie H.T Kwok and Tuan Trang
What is Pain? 21
The Nervous System 21
Pain Mechanisms 21
Gate Control Theory of Pain 27
Neuromatrix Theory of Pain 27
Biopsychosical Theory of Pain 28
Central Sensitisation in Chronic Pain 29
Nociceptive Pain 30
Visceral Pain 30
Neuropathic Pain 31
Chronic Postsurgical Pain 31
Physiology of Pain in Children and Young People 31
Postnatal Development of Pain Processing 32
Summary 34
Multiple Choice Questions 34
Acknowledgements 35
References 35
4 Pain: A Biopsychosocial Phenomenon 37 Line Caes, Paula Forgeron, and Liesbet Goubert
Introduction 37
Nociception 37
Biological Factors 38
Psychological Factors 41
Social Factors 43
Summary 45
Multiple Choice Questions 45
References 46
5 Pharmacology of Analgesics 50 Janice E Sumpton
How Drugs Work 50
Routes of Drug Administration 53
Medication Challenges in Infants, Children and Young People 53
Selection of analgesics 55
Summary 67
Multiple Choice Questions 67
Acknowledgements 68
Useful Web Resources 68
References 68
6 Pain Assessment 73 Lindsay Jibb and Jennifer Stinson
Pain Measurement and Pain Assessment 73
Assessing Pain in Children and Young People 73
Pain Assessment Tools for Neonates 84
Pain Assessment in Ventilated CYP 85
Pain Assessment in CYP with Learning Disabilities 85
Ruling Out Delirium, Withdrawal and Other Non-pain Pathologies when Assessing Pain 86
Choosing the Right Pain Assessment Tool 87
How Often Should Pain be Assessed? 89
Documentation 89
Summary 89
Acknowledgements 89
Multiple Choice Questions 90
References 90
7 Preventing and Treating Nociceptive Pain 94 Sueann Penrose and Cate Sinclair
What is Nociceptive Pain? 94
Causes of Nociceptive Pain in Children and Young People 94
Managing Nociceptive Pain 96
Pain Assessment 96
Pain Management in the Hospital Setting 97
Pharmacological Pain-relieving Interventions 97
Analgesic Administration Techniques 104
Pain Problem-solving: What to Do if the Pain Management Plan Is Not Working 115
Transition to Oral Analgesics from Specialist Analgesic Techniques 115
Pain Medications at Home 115
Psychological Pain-relieving Interventions 117
Physical Pain-relieving Interventions 118
Spirituality and Nociceptive Pain in Children and Young People 118
Summary 118
Acknowledgements 119
Key to Case Study 119
Multiple Choice Questions 121
References 121
8 The Prevention and Treatment of Neuropathic and Visceral Pain 126 Krista Baerg and Giulia Mesaroli
Neuropathic Pain 126
Visceral Pain 129
Assessing Neuropathic and Visceral Pain 132
Treatments for Neuropathic and Visceral Pain 137
Summary 140
Key to Case Study 141
Multiple Choice Questions 142
Acknowledgements 142
References 143
9 Musculoskeletal Pain in Children and Young People 147 Sara Klein, Karen Chiu, Jacqui Clinch, and Christina Liossi
What is Musculoskeletal Pain? 147
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Chronic Widespread Pain 152
Diagnosing, Assessing and Treating Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain 153
Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain 156
Treatment of Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome 160
Intensive Multidisciplinary Pain Programmes 161
Long-term Outcomes in CYP with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain 162
Summary 162
Key to Case Study 163
Multiple Choice Questions 164
Acknowledgement 165
References 165
10 Preventing and Treating Chronic Headache Disorders in Children and Young People 170 Naiyi Sun, Christina Liossi, and Jacqui Clinch
Definitions 170
Symptoms of Chronic Migraine 171
Symptoms of Chronic Tension-type Headache 171
Comorbidities Associated with Chronic Headache Disorders 171
Impact of Headaches 172
Assessment of Pain in CYP with Headaches 172
Management of Chronic Headache Disorders 173
Outcomes for CYP who Experience Chronic Headaches and Chronic Migraines 177
Summary 177
Key to Case Study 178
Multiple Choice Questions 178
Acknowledgement 179
References 179
11 Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Children and Young People 182 Christina Liossi, Jacqui Clinch, and Brittany N Rosenbloom
Postsurgical Pain Trajectories and Impact 183
Management of Chronic Postsurgical Pain 183
Prevention of Chronic Postsurgical Pain 188
Summary 188
Key to Case Study 189
Multiple Choice Questions 189
Acknowledgements 190
References 190
12 Prevention and Management of Procedural Pain 194 Kaytlin Constantin, Anna Taddio, Deepa Kattail, and C Meghan McMurtry
Procedural Pain 194
Assessing Procedural Pain and Fear 195
Managing Procedural Pain 198
Pharmacological Interventions 204
Summary 212
Key to Case Study 213
Multiple Choice Questions 216
Relevant Web Resources 216
References 217
13 Pain in the Neonate 220 Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Mats Eriksson, and Britney Benoit
Causes, Prevalence and Consequences of Neonatal Pain 220
Assessing Pain in the Neonate 221
Physical Pain-relieving Interventions 226
Pharmacological Interventions for Neonatal Pain 228
Families and Pain Management 230
Summary 231
Key to Case Study 231
Multiple Choice Questions 232
Additional Online Resources 233
References 233
14 Palliative Care in Children and Young People 241 Poh Heng Chong and Hwee Hsiang Liow
What is Paediatric Palliative Care? 241
Treating and Preventing Pain in Children and Young People with Advanced Incurable Cancer 244
Treating and Preventing Pain in Children and Young People with Severe Neurological Impairment 251
Ethical Considerations in Paediatric Palliative Care 260
Symptom Management to Optimise Comfort at the End of Life 261
Summary 262
Key to Case Study 263
Multiple Choice Questions 263
References 264
15 Treating and Preventing Pain in Children and Young People in Low-and Middle-Income Countries 270 Julia Downing, Julia Ambler, and Jennifer Hunt
Managing Pain in CYP in LMICs 270
Challenges to Treating and Preventing Pain in CYP in LMICs 271
Overcoming Challenges to Treating and Preventing Pain in LMICs 276
Specific Issues in LMICs for the Treatment and Prevention of Pain in CYP 278
Summary 283
Key to Case Study 284
Multiple Choice Questions 286
Online Resources in English and French 287
References 288
16 Knowledge Implementation and Dissemination: Effectively Moving Forward 291 Bonnie Stevens, Amelia Swift, and Denise Harrison
Implementation Science 291
Existing Gaps in Pain Practice 292
How Implementation Science Guides Us: Theories, Models and Frameworks 292
Knowledge Translation Strategies 294
Evaluating Knowledge Translation Strategies 294
Evaluating Social Media 297
Organising Knowledge Translation Strategies 301
The Way Forward 302
Summary 303
Multiple Choice Questions 303
References 304
Appendix 1: Drug Dosing Tables 308
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions 318
Index 319
Alison Twycross
Honorary Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Birmingham, UK; Editor-in-Chief, Evidence-Based Nursing
Welcome to the third edition of Managing Pain in Children and Young People: A Clinical Guide. In this edition we have done things a little differently. Our aim remains to pull together current evidence for managing pain in children and young people (CYP) in an easily accessible format. However, we wanted the book to be seen as relevant to students and to members of interdisciplinary teams involved in managing children's pain around the globe. To reflect this broader focus, the editorial line-up now includes a medic (physician), a psychologist and two nurses. We have also extended the range of contributors, again drawing on international expertise across the multidisciplinary team. A new chapter has been added to ensure the book is applicable to those working in low- to middle-income countries (Chapter 15).
The first few chapters set the scene for effective multimodal pain management by focusing on the following:
Given the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 definition of chronic pain, we have decided to include three shorter chapters in this edition rather than one longer one. These chapters focus on the prevention and treatment of chronic postsurgical pain, musculoskeletal pain, and headaches.
Other chapters pull together the current evidence for the prevention and treatment of nociceptive pain, neuropathic and visceral pain, procedural pain, neonatal pain, and paediatric palliative care.
Despite the extensive research that has been carried out over the past 25 years, CYP still do not receive evidence-based pain care. To address this issue, the final chapter covers how to effectively move forward with knowledge dissemination and implementation.
Pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon (see Chapter 4) and often has a spiritual element (Friedrichsdorf and Goubert 2020). Given this, the prevention and treatment of pain requires a multimodal approach (Figure 1.1). To make this explicit, one of the changes we have made to this edition is to integrate the evidence for physical and psychological pain-relieving interventions into the chapters focusing on the prevention and treatment of pain. A brief description of physical and psychological pain-relieving interventions is provided in Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Physical and psychological strategies used with neonates are outlined in Chapter 13.
Figure 1.1 Components of effective multimodal pain management.
An integral part of multimodal pain management is the use of analgesic drugs to prevent and treat pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) has devised a two-step pain ladder to help guide decision-making in this context (Figure 1.2). The 2020 WHO ladder takes into account the fact that codeine is no longer recommended for use in CYP (Box 1.1).
Table 1.1 Physical pain-relieving interventions.
https://www.rcot.co.uk/conserving-energy
Table 1.2 Psychological pain-relieving strategies.
https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=638866001271911&extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-IOS_GK0T-GK1C&ref=sharing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c_Bv_FBE-c
Dateiformat: ePUBKopierschutz: Adobe-DRM (Digital Rights Management)
Systemvoraussetzungen:
Das Dateiformat ePUB ist sehr gut für Romane und Sachbücher geeignet – also für „fließenden” Text ohne komplexes Layout. Bei E-Readern oder Smartphones passt sich der Zeilen- und Seitenumbruch automatisch den kleinen Displays an. Mit Adobe-DRM wird hier ein „harter” Kopierschutz verwendet. Wenn die notwendigen Voraussetzungen nicht vorliegen, können Sie das E-Book leider nicht öffnen. Daher müssen Sie bereits vor dem Download Ihre Lese-Hardware vorbereiten.Bitte beachten Sie: Wir empfehlen Ihnen unbedingt nach Installation der Lese-Software diese mit Ihrer persönlichen Adobe-ID zu autorisieren!
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unserer E-Book Hilfe.
