Locative Expressions in English and French

Name: Locative Expressions in English and French | A Multimodal Approach
Brand: De Gruyter Mouton
Price: 139.95 EUR
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A Multimodal Approach

Mark Tutton(Autor*in)

De Gruyter Mouton (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 29. Januar 2016

XIV, 323 Seiten

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978-3-11-035486-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Table of Contents
Foreword
1. Introduction
1.1 Previous research into how speakers express static locative relationships
1.2 The place of our study in the literature on space and gesture
1.3 The value of a comparative English/French study
1.4 Structure of the book
1.5 Further precisions
2. Language, gesture, and locative expressions: a background
2.1 An overview of the spatial domain
2.1.1 Basic concepts in static locative relationships
2.1.2 Separating static locative relationships from dynamic motion events
2.1.3 The lexical encoding of static locative relationships in English and French
2.1.4 The different types of static locative relationships
2.1.5 Direction and frames of reference
2.1.6 Perspective and viewpoint
2.1.7 Deixis and origo
2.1.8 The different sub-types of locative relationships
2.1.9 Summary
2.2 Gesture
2.2.1 The different types of gesture
2.2.2 Gesticulations
2.2.2.1 Iconicity in gesture
2.2.2.2 Metaphoric gestures
2.2.2.3 Pointing gestures
2.2.2.4 Beats
2.2.2.5 Cohesives
2.2.2.5.1 The gesticulations of interest in the current research
2.2.3 The relationship of speech and gesture
2.2.3.1 An overview of the literature
2.2.3.2 The view taken in the current study
2.3 Gesture and the expression of spatial information: what we know
2.3.1 Gesture and spatial conceptualisation
2.3.2 The relationship between lexically-encoded and gesturallyexpressed spatial information
2.3.3 The role of gesture in communicating object size and relative position
2.3.4 Gesture and the expression of static locative information: hypotheses
3. Methodology
3.1 Background to the experiment
3.2 Pilot study
3.3 The revised study
3.3.1 Theoretical considerations
3.3.2 The use of two pictures
3.3.3 Experimental setup
3.3.4 Further precisions concerning experimental procedure
3.4 Recruitment of participants
3.5 Editing and transcription of data
3.6 Structure of data analysis
3.7 Presentation of examples in the analysis
4. Defining and separating static locative expressions in oral discourse
4.1 Defining static locative expressions
4.1.1 Functional versus grammatical concerns in defining static locative expressions
4.1.2 Static locative expressions and the clarification of directional information
4.2 Segmenting static locative relations in oral discourse
4.2.1 Differences in lexical and gestural Figures and Grounds
4.2.2 Primary locative expressions and secondary locative expressions
4.2.3 Overall locative expressions
4.3 Summary
5. Describing location along the frontal axis
5.1 The frontal axis
5.2 Lounge room scene - English descriptions
5.2.1 The use of front-encoding items
5.2.1.1 The role of gesture in clarifying frontal direction
5.2.1.2 A different origo and Ground in speech and gesture
5.2.1.3 Different perspectives in speech and gesture
5.2.1.4 Gestural representations of foregrounds
5.2.2 The use of back-encoding items
5.2.3 The use of directionally non-specific items
5.2.3.1 The use of gesture with directionally non-specific items
5.3 Lounge room scene - French descriptions
5.3.1 The use of front-encoding items
5.3.1.1 Gestural representations of foregrounds
5.3.1.2 How speakers use 'devant' and 'en face de'
5.3.2 The use of back-encoding items
5.3.3 The use of directionally non-specific items
5.4 Street scene - English descriptions
5.4.1 The use of front-encoding items
5.4.2 The use of back-encoding items
5.4.3 The use of directionally non-specific items
5.4.4 The use of sequence-encoding items
5.4.5 The overall use of gesture with directionally non-specific and sequence-encoding items
5.5 Street scene - French descriptions
5.5.1 The use of front-encoding items
5.5.2 The use of back-encoding items
5.5.3 The use of directionally non-specific items
5.5.4 The use of sequence-encoding items
5.5.5 The overall use of gesture with directionally non-specific and sequence-encoding items
5.6 Comparison and discussion
5.6.1 Comparison of lounge room and street scene descriptions in English
5.6.2 Comparison of lounge room and street scene descriptions in French
5.6.3 Comparison of English and French descriptions of the lounge room scene
5.6.4 Comparison of English and French descriptions of the street scene
6. Describing location along the lateral axis
6.1 The lateral axis
6.2 Lounge room scene - English descriptions
6.2.1 Encoding location with 'next to'
6.2.2 Why speakers use 'next to' to encode adjacency
6.2.3 'Between', the lateral axis and gesture
6.2.4 The use of 'then' to encode location along the lateral axis
6.2.5 The use of gesture with semantically-similar lexical items
6.2.6 Gesture and the use of other directionally non-specific spatial items
6.2.7 The use of left-encoding items
6.2.8 The use of right-encoding items
6.3 Lounge room scene - French descriptions
6.3.1 Encoding location with 'à côté' and 'à côté de'
6.3.2 Establishing the Ground's location in gesture space when using 'à côté de'
6.3.3 'Entre', the lateral axis and gesture
6.3.4 The use of gesture with sequence-encoding items
6.3.5 The use of gesture with directionally non-specific and sequenceencoding items
6.3.6 The use of left-encoding items
6.3.7 The use of right-encoding items
6.4 Street scene - English descriptions
6.4.1 The use of directionally non-specific items
6.4.1.1 'Outside (of)'
6.4.1.2 'Opposite'
6.4.1.3 'Next to'
6.4.1.4 Expressing directional information relating to directionally nonspecific items
6.4.2 The use of left-encoding items
6.4.3 The use of right-encoding items
6.5 Street scene - French descriptions
6.5.1 The use of directionally non-specific items
6.5.1.1 Expressing directional information relating to directionally nonspecific items
6.5.2 The use of left-encoding items
6.5.3 The use of right-encoding items
6.6 Comparison and discussion
6.6.1 Comparison of lounge room and street scene descriptions in English
6.6.2 Comparison of lounge room and street scene descriptions in French
6.6.3 Comparison of English and French descriptions of the lounge room scene
6.6.4 Comparison of English and French descriptions of the street scene
7. How speakers gesture when encoding location with on and sur
7.1 A basic overview of topological relationships
7.2 Using on and sur to encode location
7.3 Identifying representational gestures for on
7.3.1 Gestures relating to on in descriptions of the lounge room scene
7.3.2 Gestures relating to on in descriptions of the street scene
7.4 Identifying representational gestures for sur
7.4.1 Gestures relating to sur in descriptions of the lounge room scene
7.4.2 Gestures relating to sur in descriptions of the street scene
7.5 Comparative discussion of English and French results
7.5.1 Ground-encoding complements of on and sur: lounge room scene
7.5.2 Alternative strategies to using on and sur
7.5.3 Ground-encoding complements of sur and on: street scene
7.6 General discussion and summary
8. Further findings, and the theoretical application of our results
8.1 Summary of our approach to analysing static locative relationships
8.2 Referencing different spatial axes in speech and gesture
8.2.1 Different spatial axes in speech and gesture: lounge room scene
8.2.2 Different spatial axes in speech and gesture: street scene
8.2.3 Discussion
8.3 A different Figure in speech and in gesture
8.3.1 Establishing the location of the lexical Ground
8.3.2 Establishing the location of the lexical Ground when speakers use direction-encoding items
8.3.3 Why speakers mark the location of the lexical Ground in gesture space
8.4 Positioning our findings within Cognitive Grammar
8.4.1 Adjusting the phonological pole of symbolic assemblies
9. Conclusion
9.1 The framework of our investigation, and main findings
9.1.1 Laying the foundations
9.1.2 Methodology
9.1.3 Defining and separating static locative expressions in oral discourse
9.1.4 Describing location along the frontal axis
9.1.5 Describing location along the lateral axis
9.1.6 How speakers gesture when encoding location with on and sur
9.1.7 Other ways in which gesture expresses unlexicalised locative information
9.2 Overall conclusions
9.3 Theoretical implications of results
9.4 Future research
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F

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