Wastewater Sludge Processing

Name: Wastewater Sludge Processing
Brand: Wiley
Price: 101.99 EUR
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Izrail S. Turovskiy P. K. Mathai(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 11. Oktober 2006

354 Seiten

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978-0-471-79160-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
WASTEWATER SLUDGE PROCESSING
CONTENTS
Preface
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 40 CFR Part 503 Regulation
1.2.1 General Provisions
1.2.2 Land Application
1.2.3 Surface Disposal
1.2.4 Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
1.2.5 Incineration
2 Sludge Quantities and Characteristics
2.1 Types of Sludge
2.1.1 Primary Sludge
2.1.2 Secondary Sludge
2.1.3 Chemical Sludge
2.1.4 Other Wastewater Residuals
2.2 Sludge Quantity
2.2.1 Primary Sludge
2.2.2 Secondary Sludge
2.2.3 Activated Sludge
2.2.4 Attached Growth System Sludge
2.2.5 Chemical Sludge
2.3 Sludge Characteristics
2.3.1 Primary Sludge
2.3.2 Activated Sludge
2.3.3 Physical and Biological Properties
2.4 Mass Balance
3 Thickening and Dewatering
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conditioning
3.2.1 Factors Affecting Conditioning
3.2.2 Chemical Conditioning
3.2.3 Other Conditioning Methods
3.3 Thickening
3.3.1 Gravity Thickening
3.3.2 Dissolved Air Flotation Thickening
3.3.3 Centrifugal Thickening
3.3.4 Gravity Belt Thickening
3.3.5 Rotary Drum Thickening
3.3.6 Miscellaneous Thickening Methods
3.4 Dewatering
3.4.1 Centrifugal Dewatering
3.4.2 Belt Filter Press
3.4.3 Pressure Filter Press
3.4.4 Drying Beds
3.4.5 Other Dewatering Methods
4 Aerobic Digestion
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Process Theory
4.2 Conventional Aerobic Digestion
4.2.1 Process Design Considerations
4.2.2 System Design Considerations
4.2.3 Operational Considerations
4.3 Process Variations
4.3.1 High-Purity Oxygen Digestion
4.3.2 Low-Temperature Aerobic Digestion
4.3.3 Dual Digestion
4.3.4 Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion
4.3.5 Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
4.3.6 Technological Improvements
5 Anaerobic Digestion
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
5.1.2 Theory of Anaerobic Digestion
5.2 Environmental Factors
5.2.1 Solids and Hydraulic Retention Times
5.2.2 Temperature
5.2.3 pH and Alkalinity
5.2.4 Toxic Materials
5.3 Process Variations
5.3.1 Low-Rate Digestion
5.3.2 High-Rate Digestion
5.3.3 Thermophilic Digestion
5.3.4 Two-Stage Digestion
5.3.5 Two-Phase Digestion
5.4 Process Design
5.4.1 Per Capita Basis
5.4.2 Solids Loading
5.4.3 Solids Retention Time
5.4.4 Volatile Solids Reduction
5.4.5 Gas Production
5.5 System Component Design
5.5.1 Tank Design
5.5.2 Digester Covers
5.5.3 Mixing
5.5.4 Heating
5.5.5 Gas Usage
5.6 Operational Considerations
5.6.1 Reactor Performance
5.6.2 Odor Control
5.6.3 Supernatant
5.6.4 Struvite
5.6.5 Digester Cleaning
6 Alkaline Stabilization
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
6.1.2 Process Theory
6.2 Process Application
6.2.1 Liquid Lime Stabilization
6.2.2 Dry Lime Stabilization
6.2.3 Advanced Alkaline Stabilization Technologies
6.3 Process Design
6.3.1 Sludge Characteristics
6.3.2 Contact Time and pH
6.3.3 Lime Dosage
6.3.4 Alkaline Material Storage
6.3.5 Lime Feeding
6.3.6 Liquid Lime Mixing
6.3.7 Dry Lime Mixing
6.4 Process Performance
6.4.1 Odor Reduction
6.4.2 Pathogen reduction
6.4.3 Dewatering Characteristics
7 Composting
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Composting Process
7.1.2 Composting Methods
7.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting
7.1.4 Zoological Characteristics of Compost
7.2 Process Description
7.2.1 Factors Influencing Composting
7.2.2 Windrow Process
7.2.3 Aerated Static Pile Process
7.2.4 In-Vessel Process
7.2.5 Design Considerations
7.3 Theoretical Aspects of Composting
7.4 New Technology in Composting
7.4.1 Organic Content
7.4.2 Odor
7.4.3 Temperature and Moisture
7.4.4 Composting Mixture
7.4.5 Composting Process Control
7.4.6 pH
7.5 Examples of Composting in Europe
7.6 Examples of Composting in the United States
8 Thermal Drying and Incineration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Thermal Drying
8.2.1 Methods of Thermal Drying
8.2.2 Design Considerations
8.3 Incineration
8.3.1 Methods of Incineration
8.3.2 Design Considerations
9 Comparison of Energy Consumption
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Anaerobic Digestion
9.3 Incineration
9.4 Composting
9.5 Comparison of Thermal Drying and Composting
9.6 Conclusion
10 Beneficial Use of Biosolids
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Requirements for Beneficial Use
10.2.1 Pollutant Limits
10.2.2 Pathogen Reduction
10.2.3 Vector Attraction Reduction
10.2.4 Management Practices
10.2.5 Surface Disposal
10.3 Land Application
10.3.1 Site Evaluation and Selection
10.3.2 Design Application Rates
10.3.3 Application Methods
10.3.4 Application to Dedicated Lands
10.3.5 Conveyance and Storage of Biosolids
10.4 Beneficial Use of Biosolids in Russia
10.4.1 Pathogens
10.4.2 Heavy Metals
Appendix Units of Measure
A.1 Abbreviations for SI Units
A.2 Abbreviations for U.S. Customary Units
A.3 Conversion from SI Units to U.S. Customary Units
A.4 Conversion from U.S. Customary Units to SI Units
Index

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