Modelling in Transport Phenomena

Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Basic Concepts 1.1.1 Characteristics of the Basic Concepts 1.2 Definitions 1.2.1 Steady-State 1.2.2 Uniform 1.2.3 Equilibrium 1.2.4 Flux 1.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Basic Concepts 1.3.1 Inlet and Outlet Terms 1.3.2 Rate of Generation Term 1.3.3 Rate of Accumulation Term 1.4 Simplification of the Rate Equation 1.4.1 Steady-State Transport without Generation 1.4.2 Steady-State Transport with Generation 2 Molecular and Convective Transport 2.1 Molecular Transport 2.1.1 Newton's Law of Viscosity 2.1.2 Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction 2.1.3 Fick's First Law of Diffusion 2.2 Dimensionless Numbers 2.3 Convective Transport 2.4 Total Flux 2.4.1 Rate of Mass Entering and/or Leaving the System 2.4.2 Rate of Energy Entering and/or Leaving the System 3 Interphase Transport and Transfer Coefficients 3.1 Friction Factor 3.1.1 Physical Interpretation of Friction Factor 3.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.2.1 Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.2.2 Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.3 Mass Transfer Coefficient 3.3.1 Physical Interpretation of Mass Transfer Coefficient 3.3.2 Concentration at the Phase interface 3.4 Dimensionless Numbers 3.5 Transport Analogies 3.5.1 The Reynolds Analogy 3.5.2 The Chilton-Colburn Analogy 4 Evaluation of Transfer Coefficients: Engineering Correlations 4.1 Reference Temperature and Concentration 4.1.1 Bulk Temperature and Concentration 4.1.2 Film Temperature and Concentration 4.2 Flow Past a Flat Plate 4.3 Flow Past a Single Sphere 4.3.1 Friction Factor Correlations 4.3.2 Heat Transfer Correlations 4.3.3 Mass Transfer Correlations 4.4 Flow Normal to a Single Cylinder 4.4.1 Friction Factor Correlations 4.4.2 Heat Transfer Correlations 4.4.3 Mass Transfer Correlations 4.5 Flow in Circular Pipes 4.5.1 Friction Factor Correlations 4.5.2 Heat Transfer Correlations 4.5.3 Mass Transfer Correlations 4.5.4 Flow in Non-Circular Ducts 4.6 Flow in Packed Beds 4.6.1 Friction Factor Correlations 4.6.2 Heat Transfer Correlation 4.6.3 Mass Transfer Correlation 5 Rate of Generation in Momentum, Energy and Mass Transfer 5.1 Rate of Generation in Momentum Transport 5.1.1 Momentum Generation as a Result of Gravitational Force 5.1.2 Momentum Generation as a Result of Pressure Force 5.1.3 Modified Pressure 5.2 Rate of Generation in Energy Transport 5.3 Rate of Generation in Mass Transport 5.3.1 Stoichiometry of a Chemical Reaction 5.3.2 The Law of Combining Proportions 5.3.3 Rate of Reaction 6 Steady-State Macroscopic Balances 6.1 Conservation of Chemical Species 6.2 Conservation of Mass 6.3 Conservation of Energy 6.3.1 Energy Equation without Chemical Reaction 6.3.2 Energy Equation with Chemical Reaction 7 Unsteady-State Macroscopic Balances 7.1 Approximations Used in Unsteady Processes 7.1.1 Pseudo-Steady-State Approximation 7.1.2 No Variation of Dependent Variable within the Phase of Interest 7.2 Conservation of Chemical Species 7.3 Conservation of Total Mass 7.4 Conservation of Momentum 7.5 Conservation of Energy 7.5.1 Unsteady-State Energy Balance around a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor 7.6 Design of a Spray Tower 7.6.1 Determination of Tower Diameter 7.6.2 Determination of Tower Height 8 Steady-State Microscopic Balances without Generation 8.