Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices

Name: Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices
Brand: Wiley-Scrivener
Price: 213.99 EUR
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Tiwari Murugan Ramalingam Hisatoshi Kobayashi Anthony P. F. Turner(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)

Erschienen am 11. Oktober 2012

640 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Part I: Biomedical Materials
1. Application of the Collagen as Biomaterials
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Structural Aspect of Native Tissue
1.2.1 Microenvironment
1.2.2 Decellularization
1.2.3 Strategy for Designing Collagen-based Biomaterials
1.3 Processing of Collagen Matrix
1.3.1 Fibrillogenesis
1.3.2 Orientation
1.3.3 Complex Formation and Blending
1.3.4 Layered Structure
1.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
2. Biological and Medical Significance of Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General Information on "Nano
2.3 Micron- and Submicron-Sized Calcium Orthophosphates versus the Nanodimensional Ones
2.4 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates in Calcified Tissues of Mammals
2.4.1 Bones
2.4.2 Teeth
2.5 The Structure of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites
2.6 Synthesis of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
2.6.1 General Nanotechnological Approaches
2.6.2 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Apatites
2.6.3 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline TCP
2.6.4 Other Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
2.6.5 Biomimetic Construction Using Nanodimensional Particles
2.7 Biomedical Applications of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
2.7.1 Bone Repair
2.7.2 Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates and Bone-related Cells
2.7.3 Dental Applications
2.7.4 Other Applications
2.8 Other Applications of the Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates
2.9 Summary and Perspectives
2.10 Conclusions
Closing Remarks
References and Notes
3. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Thin Film: From Conventional To Advanced Biomedical and Bioanalytical Applications
3.1 State-of-the-art LbL Technology
3.2 Principle of Biomaterials Based Lbl Architecture
3.3 LbL Thin Film for Biomaterials and Biomedical Implantations
3.4 LbL Thin Film for Biosensors and Bioassays
3.5 LbL Thin Film Architecture on Colloidal Materials
3.6 LbL Thin Film for Drug Encapsulation and Delivery
3.7 LbL Thin Film Based Micro/Nanoreactor
References
4. Polycaprolactone based Nanobiomaterials
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Preparation of Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites
4.2.1 Solution Casting Method
4.2.2 Melt Extrusion Technique
4.2.3 In Situ Polymerization
4.3 Characterization of Poly(caprolactone) Nanocomposites
4.3.1 Nanostructure
4.3.2 Microstructure
4.4 Properties
4.4.1 Mechanical Properties
4.4.2 Thermal Properties
4.4.3 Biodegradation
4.5 Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery Application
4.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
5. Bone Substitute Materials in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery - Properties and Use in Clinic
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Bone Grafts
5.2.1 Autologous Transplantation
5.2.2 Allotransplantation and Xenotransplantation
5.2.3 Alternative Bone Substitute Materials for Grafting
5.3 Bone Substitute Materials
5.3.1 General Considerations
5.3.2 Calcium Phosphates
5.3.3 Calcium Sulphates
5.3.4 Bioactive Glass
5.3.5 Miscellaneous Products
5.3.6 Future Directions
5.4 Combinations with Osteogenic and Osteoinductive Materials
5.4.1 Osteogenic Substances
5.4.2 Osteoinductive Substances
5.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
6. Surface Functionalized Hydrogel Nanoparticles
6.1 Hydrogel Nanoparticles
6.2 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan
6.3 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Alginate
6.4 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol)
6.5 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(ethylene Oxide) and Poly(ethyleneimine)
6.6 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly(vinyl Pyrrolidone)
6.7 Hydrogel Nanoparticles Based on Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide
6.8 Smart Hydrogel Nanoparticles
6.9 Self-assembled Hydrogel Nanoparticles
6.10 Surface Functionalization
6.11 Surface Functionalized Hydrogel Nanoparticles
References
Part II: Diagnostic Devices
7. Utility and Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nanoparticle Coatings
7.3 Cyclic Peptides
7.4 Dendrimers
7.5 Fullerenes/Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene
7.6 Functional Drug Carriers
7.7 MRI Scanning Nanoparticles
7.8 Nanoemulsions
7.9 Nanofibers
7.10 Nanoshells
7.11 Quantum Dots
7.12 Nanoimaging
7.13 Inorganic Nanoparticles
7.14 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
8. Gold Nanoparticle-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Medical Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Electrochemical Biosensors
8.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles
8.3 Conclusion
References
9. Impedimetric DNA Sensing Employing Nanomaterials
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 DNA Biosensors (Genosensors)
9.1.2 Electrochemical Genosensors
9.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Genosensing
9.2.1 Theoretical Background
9.2.2 Impedimetric Genosensors
9.3 Nanostructured Carbon Used in Impedimetric Genosensors
9.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructured Diamond
9.3.2 Graphene-based Platforms
9.4 Nanostructured Gold Used in Impedimetric Genosensors
9.4.1 Gold Nanoelectrodes
9.4.2 Gold Nanoparticles Used as Labels
9.5 Quantum Dots for Impedimetric Genosensing
9.6 Impedimetric Genosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnosis
9.7 Conclusions (Past, Present and Future Perspectives)
Acknowledgements
References
10. Bionanocomposite Matrices in Electrochemical Biosensors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fabrication of SiO2-CHIT/CNTs Bionanocomposites
10.3 Preparation of Bioelectrodes
10.4 Characterizations
10.5 Electrocatalytic Properties
10.6 Photometric Response
10.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
11. Biosilica - Nanocomposites - Nanobiomaterials for Biomedical Engineering and Sensing Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Silica Polymerization Process
11.3 Biocatalytic Formation of Silica
11.4 Biosilica Nanotechnology
11.5 Applications
11.5.1 Photonic Materials
11.5.2 Enzyme Stabilization
11.5.3 Biosensor Development
11.5.4 Surface Modification for Medical Applications
11.6 Conclusions
References
12. Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterial-based Highly Sensitive and Selective Medical Devices
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Molecular Imprinted Polymer Technology
12.2.1 Introduction of Molecular Recognition
12.2.2 Molecular Imprinting Polymerization: Background
12.2.3 Contributions of Polyakov, Pauling and Dickey
12.2.4 Approaches Toward Synthesis of MIPs
12.2.5 Optimization of the Polymer Structure
12.3 Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterials
12.4 Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterial-based Sensing Devices
12.4.1 Electrochemical Sensors
12.4.2 Optical Sensors
12.4.3 Mass Sensitive Devices
12.5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
13. Ground-Breaking Changes in Mimetic and Novel Nanostructured Composites for Intelligent-, Adaptive- and In vivo-responsive Drug Delivery Therapies
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Diseases of Major Importance in Society
13.1.2 Types of Cancers and Diseases Requiring Specific Dosage Delivery
13.2 Obstacles to the Clinician
13.3 Hurdles for the Pharmaceuticist
13.4 Nanostructures
13.4.1 Key Current Know-how
13.5 Surface Coating
13.6 Cell Promoting, Toxicity and Clearance
13.7 Formulation Conditions and Parameters
13.8 Delivery Systems
13.8.1 State-of-the-Art Technological Innovation
13.9 Evaluation
13.9.1 Future Scientific Direction
13.10 Conclusions
References
14. Progress of Nanobiomaterials for Theranostic Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine
14.1.2 Drug Delivery, Imaging, and Targeting
14.1.3 Theranostic Nanomedicine
14.2 Design Concerns for Theranostic Nanosystems
14.2.1 Size and Stability
14.2.2 Surface Area and Chemistry
14.2.3 Drug Loading and Release
14.2.4 Imaging
14.2.5 Targeting
14.3 Designing a Smart and Functional Theranostic System
14.3.1 Tailoring Size and Shape of the Particles
14.3.2 Degradation and Drug Release Kinetics
14.3.3 Surface Properties and Placement of Targeting Molecules
14.4 Materials for Theranostic System
14.4.1 Polymeric Systems
14.4.2 Diagnostic and Imaging Materials
14.5 Theranostic Systems and Applications
14.5.1 Polymeric Nanoparticle-based Theranostic System
14.5.2 QD-based Theranostic System
14.5.3 Colloidal Gold-particle-based Theranostic System
14.5.4 Iron-oxide-based Theranostic Systems
14.6 Future Outlook
References
15. Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Peptides for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
15.2.1 Self-assembling Peptides as Carriers for Anticancer Drugs
15.2.2 Different Classes of Peptides Used in Gene Delivery
15.2.3 Protein-derived and Designed CPPs
15.2.4 Cell Targeting Peptides
15.2.5 Nuclear Localization Peptides
15.3 Lipid Carriers
15.3.1 Liposomes
15.3.2 Modified Liposomes
15.3.3 Targeted Lipid Carriers
15.3.4 Bolaamphiphiles
15.3.5 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)
15.3.6 MixedSystems
15.4 Polymeric Carriers
15.4.1 Polymeric Nanoparticles
15.4.2 Dendrimers
15.4.3 Polymer-Protein/Aptamer Conjugates
15.4.4 Polymer-Drug Conjugates
15.4.5 NoncovalentDrug Conjugates
15.4.6 Cationic Polymers
15.4.7 Polymers for Triggered Drug Release
15.4.8 Polymerosomes
15.4.9 Other Applications
15.5 Bactria-Mediated Cancer Therapy
15.5.1 The Tumor Microenvironment
15.5.2 Salmonella-mediated Cancer Therapy
15.5.3 Clostridium-mediated Cancer Therapy
15.6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Tissue Engineering and Organ Regeneration
16. The Evolution of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and the Role of Nonobiotecnology in the Development of Intelligent Abdominal Wall Mesh
16.1 The Complex Structure of the Abdominal Wall
16.2 Need for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
16.3 Failure of Primary Repair
16.4 Limitations of the Synthetic Meshes
16.5 Introduction of Biomaterials To Overcome Synthetic Mesh Limitations
16.6 Ideal Material for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
16.7 Role of Bionanotechnology in Providing the Ideal Material
16.8 Future Directions
References
17. Poly(Polyol Sebacate)-based Elastomeric Nanobiomaterials for Soft Tissue Engineering
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Poly(polyol sebacate) Elastomers
17.2.1 Synthesis and Processing of Poly(polyol sebacate)
17.2.2 Biocompatibility of PPS
17.2.3 Biodegradation of PPS
17.2.4 Mechanical Properties of PPS
17.2.5 Applications of PPS in Tissue Engineering
17.2.6 Poly(polyol sebacate)-based Copolymers
17.2.7 Summary of PPS
17.3 Elastomeric Nanocomposites
17.3.1 Introduction to Elastomeric Nanocomposites
17.3.2 Thermoplastic Rubber-based Nanocomposites
17.3.3 Crosslinked Elastomer-based Nanocomposites
17.4 Summary
References
18. Electrospun Nanomatrix for Tissue Regeneration
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Electrospun Nanomatrix
18.3 Polymeric Nanomatrices for Tissue Engineering
18.3.1 Natural Polymers
18.3.2 Synthetic Polymers
18.4 Biocompatibility of the Nanomatrix
18.5 Electrospun Nanomatrices for Tissue Engineering
18.5.1 Bone Tissue Engineering
18.5.2 Cartilage Tissue Engineering
18.5.3 Ligament Tissue Engineering
18.5.4 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
18.5.5 Skin Tissue Engineering
18.5.6 Vascular Tissue Engineering
18.5.7 Nerve Tissue Engineering
18.6 Status and Prognosis
References
19. Conducting Polymer Composites for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Conducting Polymers
19.3 Synthesis of Conducting Polymers
19.4 Application of Conducting Polymer in Tissue Engineering
19.5 Polypyrrole
19.6 Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)
19.7 Polyaniline
19.8 Carbon Nanotube
19.9 Future Prospects and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
20. Cell Patterning Technologies for Tissue Engineering
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Patterned Co-culture Techniques
20.2.1 Substrate Patterning with ECM Components
20.2.2 Microfluidic-based Patterning
20.2.3 Switchable Surface-based Patterning
20.2.4 Mechanical and Stencil-based Patterning
20.2.5 3D Patterned Co-cultures
20.3 Applications of Co-cultures in Tissue Engineering
20.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Index

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