Diabetes Management

INTRODUCTION

1. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM

There are two sources of glucose

There are two 'kinds' of insulin - basal and bolus

Other hormones assist with glucose homeostasis

The kidneys also play a crucial role

2. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Monogenic diabetes

Gestational diabetes

Other types of diabetes

3. MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES

Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes

Screening: testing for diabetes in asymptomatic patients

Management following a positive test

4. ORAL MEDICATIONS

5. INSULINS AND INSULIN MANAGEMENT

Insulin pharmacokinetics

Insulin delivery

Insulin dose calculations

Essential teaching points

6. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES

Metabolic/bariatric surgery

Transplantation

7. CONSIDERATIONS WHEN APPROACHING DIABETES MANAGEMENT

Consider the patient as a whole

Consider underlying pathology when selecting management options

Consider the durability of management

Determining the patient's type of diabetes and underlying pathologies

8. GLYCAEMIC MANAGEMENT Medical management of glycaemia

Individualisation of HbA1c target

Self-monitoring of blood sugars

Blood glucose management

Remission of diabetes

9. LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT

Exercise

Foods

10. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MANAGEMENT

Diabetes

Blood pressure

Cholesterol

Smoking

Weight

Renal protection

Aspirin use

11. PROVIDING PATIENT-CENTRED CARE

Establish a working relationship

Find a common language

Understand the patient

Acknowledge the patient as the expert

Find common ground

Empower the patient

12. EMPOWERING THE PATIENT FOR LIFELONG SELF-MANAGEMENT

Provide opportunity for ongoing education

Ensure supports and safety nets are in place - for both patient and provider

Hand over the controls

PATIENT HANDOUTS