Legal Concepts for Facility Managers

About the Author xiii

Acknowledgments xv

Preface xvii

PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1

Introduction 1

1 American Jurisprudence 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Definition 4

1.3 Functions 4

1.4 Sources of law 6

1.5 Chapter summary 13

1.6 Questions 13

References 14

2 Law in Operation 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 A brief background on US courts 17

2.3 Functions of the US legal system 19

2.4 Chapter summary 31

2.5 Questions 31

References 31

3 Legal Concepts 32

3.1 Introduction 32

3.2 Who are the players? 33

3.3 Statutes 36

3.4 Administrative laws 37

3.5 Executive orders 37

3.6 Common law 37

3.7 Appeals 38

3.8 Recording the common law 39

3.9 The United States Constitution 42

3.10 Legal research 43

3.11 Useful legal theory 44

3.12 Legislation 48

3.13 Procedural and substantive laws 49

3.14 Chapter summary 54

3.15 Questions 54

References 55

Summary of Part I 56

PART II FACILITY MANAGEMENT AND THE LAW 57

Introduction 57

4 Property Law I: Rights 59

4.1 Introduction 59

4.2 What is property? 60

4.3 Property law 61

4.4 Personal property for Facility Managers 62

4.5 Property ownership 63

4.6 Rights to real property 66

4.7 Legal duties of the parties 68

4.8 Chapter summary 69

4.9 Questions 69

References 70

5 Property Law II: Responsibilities 71

5.1 Introduction 71

5.2 Legal duty of care 72

5.3 Americans with Disabilities Act 74

5.4 Chapter summary 77

5.5 Questions 77

6 Environmental Law 79

6.1 Introduction 79

6.2 Historical perspective 80

6.3 Complications with environmental law 80

6.4 The role of regulators 81

6.5 Sources of environmental law 81

6.6 State laws 86

6.7 Common violations 87

6.8 Chapter summary 88

6.9 Questions 89

References 89

7 Tort Law 90

7.1 Introduction 90

7.2 What is a tort? 91

7.3 Defenses to torts 98

7.4 Premises liability 100

7.5 Damages 105

7.6 Chapter summary 106

7.7 Questions 106

References 107

8 Contract Law 108

8.1 Introduction 108

8.2 Defining contract law 109

8.3 Autonomy to contract 109

8.4 Built environment contracts 110

8.5 Contract elements 112

8.6 Statutes of fraud 114

8.7 Other legal issues in contract law 114

8.8 Contract interpretation 115

8.9 Contractual duty 118

8.10 Preserving the risk assignment 120

8.11 The property lease contract 120

8.12 Additional contract concepts 124

8.13 Chapter summary 125

8.14 Questions 125

References 126

9 Criminal Law 127

9.1 Introduction 127

9.2 Criminal procedure 128

9.3 Facility management and crime 134

9.4 Chapter summary 138

9.5 Questions 138

References 139

10 Employment Law 140

10.1 Introduction 140

10.2 Employment statutory law overview 141

10.3 Independent contractors 144

10.4 Labor law 147

10.5 Chapter summary 151

10.6 Questions 151

References 152

11 Emerging Legal Issues 153

11.1 Introduction 153

11.2 Environmental justice 154

11.3 The Construction Manager 155

11.4 Project delivery systems 157

11.5 Surety bonds 160

11.6 Design bid build 160

11.7 Design build 161

11.8 Construction Manager at risk 161

11.9 Construction Manager, agent 162

11.10 Integrated Project Delivery 162

11.11 Design services 163

11.12 Evidence laws and their impact on facility management 165

11.13 Chapter summary 169

11.14 Questions 169

References 169

Summary of Part II 170

PART III APPLICATION 171

Introduction 171

12 Responsibilities of the Facility Manager 173

12.1 Introduction 173

12.2 Professional services 173

12.3 Chapter summary 193

12.4 Questions 194

References 194

13 The Professional Facility Manager and the Law 195

13.1 Introduction 195

13.2 Health and safety management 197

13.3 Physical security issues 201

13.4 Vicarious liability 206

13.5 Premises liability litigation 215

13.6 Chapter summary 218

13.7 Questions 218

References 219

14 Risk Management 220

14.1 Introduction 220

14.2 Risk management 221

14.3 Conflict avoidance 225

14.4 Insurance 230

14.5 Chapter summary 237

14.6 Questions 238

References 238

Summary of Part III 239

Cases 240

Index 243