Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing

Preface.
Acknowledgments.
1 History of Sports Drug Testing.
1.1 Historical Attempts of Artificial PerformanceEnhancement.
1.2 Background and Rationale of Doping Controls.
1.3 Early Detection Methods: Possibilities and Limitations ofAssays Without Mass Spectrometry.
1.4 Introduction of Mass Spectrometry to Doping ControlAnalysis.
References.
2. Mass Spectrometry and the List of Prohibited Substancesand Methods of Doping.
2.1 Criteria for the Mass Spectrometric Identification ofProhibited Compounds.
2.2 Modern Mass Spectrometers in Doping Controls: Advantages andDisadvantages of Available Techniques.
References.
3. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight TargetAnalytes --Electron Ionization.
3.1 Stimulants.
3.2 Narcotics.
3.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids.
3.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs).
3.5 Diuretics.
3.6 beta2-Agonists.
3.7 beta-Receptor Blocking Agents.
3.8 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS).
3.9 Carbohydrate-Based Agents.
References.
4. Structure Characterization of Low Molecular Weight TargetAnalytes: Electrospray Ionization.
4.1 Stimulants.
4.2 Narcotics.
4.3 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids.
4.4 Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs).
4.5 Diuretics.
4.6 beta2-Agonists.
4.7 Calcium-Channel Modulators (RYCALS).
4.8 Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor-delta(PPARdelta) And Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase(AMPK) Agonists.
4.9 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-Stabilizers And SirtuinActivators.
4.10 beta-Receptor Blocking Agents.
4.11 Glucuronic Acid and Sulfate Conjugates of TargetAnalytes.
References.
5. Structure Characterization of High Molecular Weight TargetAnalytes: Electrospray Ionization.
5.1 Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG).
5.2 Erythropoietins (EPO).
5.3 Synacthen.
5.4 Insulins.
5.5 Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs).
5.6 Human Growth Hormone (hGH).
5.7 Sermorelin (Geref).
5.8 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1).
5.9 Gonadorelin (LHRH).
References.
6. Modern Mass Spectrometry-Based Analytical Assays.
6.1 GC-MS and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.
6.2 LC-MS/MS.
References.
7. Limitations and Perspectives of Mass Spectrometry-BasedProcedures in Doping Control Analysis.
7.1 Recombinant Biomolecules.
7.2 Unknown Compounds.
7.3 Profiling of Urine and/or Blood.
7.4 Alternative Specimens.
References.
Index.