Nanomaterial Characterization

List of Contributors
Editor's Preface
CHAPTER 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Properties Unique to Nanomaterials
1.3 Terminology
1.4 Measurement of good practice
1.5 Typical Methods
1.6 Potential errors due to Chosen Methods
1.7 Summary
CHAPTER 2. Nanomaterial Synthesis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bottom-Up Approach
2.3 Synthesis: Top Down Approach
2.4 Bottom up and top-down: Lithography
2.5 Bottom up or top down? Case example: carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
2.6 Particle growth: theoretical considerations
2.7 Case Study: Microreactor for Synthesise of Gold Nanoparticles
2.8 Summary
CHAPTER 3. Reference Nanomaterials
3.1 Definition, development and application fields
3.2 Case studies
3.3 Summary
CHAPTER 4. Particle Number Size Distribution
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Measuring methods
4.3 Summary of capabilities of the counting techniques
4.4 Experimental Case Study
4.5 Summary
CHAPTER 5. Solubility Part 1: Overview
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Separation Methods
5.3 Quantification Methods: free ions (and labile fractions)
5.4 Quantification Methods to Measure Total Dissolved Species
5.5 Theoretical modelling using speciation software
5.6 Which Method?
5.7 Case study: Miniaturised capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection to determine nanomaterial solubility
5.8 Summary
CHAPTER 6. Solubility Part 2: Colorimetry
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and Method
6.3 Results and Interpretation
6.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7. Surface Area
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Measurement Methods: Overview
7.3 Case Study: Evaluating Powder Homogeneity using NMR vs. BET
7.4 Summary
CHAPTER 8. Surface Chemistry
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Measurement Challenges
8.3 Analytical Techniques
8.4 Case Studies
8.5 Summary
CHAPTER 9. Mechanical, Tribological Properties and Surface Characteristics of Nanotextured Surfaces
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fabricating Nano-textured Surfaces
9.3 Mechanical property characterization
9.4 Case study: Nanoscratch tests to characterize mechanical stability of PS/PMMA surfaces
9.5 Case study: Structural Integrity of multi-walled CNT forest
9.6 Case study: Mechanical Characterization of plasma-treated polylactic acid (PLA) for packaging applications
9.7 Conclusions
CHAPTER 10. Methods for Testing Dustiness
10.1 Introduction
10.2 CEN test methods (under consideration)
10.3 Case Studies: Application of Dustiness Data
10.4 Summary
CHAPTER 11. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Nanofunctionality Characterization
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Extreme Field STM: A brief history
11.3 STM/STS for the Extraction of Surface Local Density of States (LDOS): Theoretical Background
11.4 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) at Low Temperatures: Background
11.5 STM Instrumentation at Extreme Conditions: Specification Requirements and Design
11.6 STM/STS imaging under extreme environments: a review on applications
11.7 Summary and Future Outlook
CHAPTER 12. Biological characterization of nanomaterials
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Measurement methods
12.3 Experimental Case Study
12.4 Summary
CHAPTER 13. Visualisation of Multidimensional Data for Nanomaterial Characterisation
13.1. Introduction
13.2 Case Study: Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) Analysis of Nanoparticle Toxicity
13.3. Summary