Fractal Geometry in Human Geography and Planning

Name: Fractal Geometry in Human Geography and Planning
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
Price: 142.99 EUR
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Cécile Tannier(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 9. Juli 2024

368 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Part 1. Basic Concepts and Reference Figures
Chapter 1. Introduction to Fractal Analysis and Modeling in Human Geography
1.1. Geometric models of the spatial distribution of human settlements: from the use of smooth and regular shapes to the adoption of fractal shapes
1.2. Description and measurement of the shapes of the spatial distribution of human settlements
1.3. References
Chapter 2. Basic Concepts for Fractal Analysis and Modeling in Human Geography
2.1. Methods of construction of fractal figures
2.1.1. Iterated function systems
2.1.2. Fractal cascades
2.1.3. Chaos game
2.1.4. L-systems (Lindenmayer systems)
2.1.5. Other methods for creating fractal figures
2.2. Measuring the size of fractal and non-fractal objects
2.3. Definition of a fractal object
2.4. Density and fractal dimension
2.5. Mathematical fractals versus fractals in the real world
2.6. Fractality and scale invariance
2.7. References
Chapter 3. Fractal Reference Figures
3.1. Fractal curves and islands
3.1.1. Fractal curves
3.1.2. Teragons, fractal islands
3.2. Fractal dusts, gaskets and carpets
3.2.1. Fractal dusts
3.2.2. Sierpinski gaskets and carpets
3.2.3. Box fractal
3.3. Hybrid fractal figures and multifractal figures
3.3.1. Hybrid fractal figures
3.3.2. Multifractal figures
3.3.3. Composite figures
3.4. Fractal geometric models of central places
3.5. Concerning lacunarity
3.6. Conclusion
3.7. References
Part 2. Fractal and Multifractal Analyses of the Spatial Distribution of Human Settlements
Chapter 4. Fractal Analysis Methods for Characterizing the Spatial Distribution of Human Settlements
4.1. Estimating the fractal dimension of a collection of human settlements (point, linear or surface objects)
4.1.1. General principle governing the estimation of fractal dimensions
4.1.2. Box-counting dimension
4.1.3. Correlation dimension
4.1.4. Geographically Weighted Fractal Analysis (GWFA)
4.1.5. Clarifications and comments
4.2. Fractal box-counting and correlation analyses of 50 built-up fabrics
4.2.1. The built-up fabrics studied
4.2.2. Choice of parameter values for fractal analyses
4.2.3. Comparison of the box-counting and correlation dimensions for the 50 built-up fabrics
4.3. Conclusion
4.4. References
Chapter 5. Morphological Delineation of Urban Agglomerations: Comparison of Fractal and Non-Fractal Methods
5.1. Comparison of three fractal and non-fractal methods of morphological delimitation of cities
5.1.1. Presentation and critique of the three methods
5.1.2. Comparison of methods
5.1.3. Application of the three methods to identify the morphological limits of the city of Brussels (Belgium)
5.2. Morphological characterization of cities delimited by means of MorphoLim within 82 French urban areas
5.2.1. The 82 urban areas studied
5.2.2. Methodology
5.2.3. Results
5.3. Conclusion
5.4. References
Chapter 6. Multifractal Analyses of Population Distributions
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Theoretical presentation of multifractal analysis
6.2.1. Measures and probabilities: mathematical modeling of population distributions
6.2.2. Generalized dimensions
6.2.3. The singularity spectrum (or multifractal spectrum)
6.2.4. Multifractal formalism
6.3. Application to the study of the spatial distribution of the population
6.3.1. Exploration of generalized dimensions
6.3.2. Typology of spatial distributions according to their multifractal spectrum
6.4. Conclusion and perspectives
6.5. References
Chapter 7. Characterizing Deviations from Scale Invariance Using Cross-Scale Signatures
7.1. Cross-scale signatures: a tool for exploring deviations from scale invariance
7.1.1. Limitations of fractal dimension for characterizing built patterns
7.1.2. Calculation of cross-scale signatures
7.2. Synthesizing the information provided by cross-scale signatures
7.2.1. Typology of cross-scale signatures using principal component analysis
7.2.2. Decomposition of cross-scale signatures using orthogonal polynomials
7.3. Conclusion
7.4. References
Part 3. Urban Forms and Fractal Planning
Chapter 8. Principles of Fractal Planning and Urban Design
8.1. Hypotheses about the functional advantages of fractal built and non-built forms
8.1.1. Response to public expectations for residential choice and satisfaction
8.1.2. Spatial structuring of intra-urban parks and green spaces
8.1.3. Preservation of biodiversity
8.1.4. Intra- and inter-urban spatial hierarchies
8.1.5. Shape of the perimeter of urban agglomerations
8.2. Fractal planning standards: between myths and realities
8.2.1. Is there a "right" fractal dimension for city planning?
8.2.2. Are fractal city shapes, by nature, optimal?
8.3. Why and how to introduce fractal geometric rules into geographic models of urban and regional planning?
8.3.1. MUP-City: simulation of fractal residential development under accessibility constraints
8.3.2. Fractalopolis: design of multifractal urban development plans
8.3.3. Fractal geometric rules in geographic models of cities and territories
8.4. Conclusion
8.5. References
Chapter 9. Multifractal Forward Planning: The Fractalopolis Model Applied to the Case of Greater Paris
9.1. Planning for accessibility: reducing distances traveled and organizing urban centers
9.1.1. Accessibility and residential satisfaction
9.1.2. Social demand: expectations and needs for individual mobility
9.1.3. From the hierarchy of individual needs to the hierarchy of central places
9.2. Integrating green and blue infrastructure into a planning process
9.2.1. Green infrastructure to reduce heat islands
9.2.2. Green infrastructure to protect biodiversity
9.2.3. Green infrastructure as a planning concept
9.3. Fractalopolis: a multi-scale development model
9.3.1. A precursor: TOD, itself inspired by the Garden City
9.3.2. Fractal geometry as a basis for reflections on planning
9.3.3. Hierarchy of central places linked by green and blue infrastructure
9.3.4. Formalization of accessibility
9.4. Example of application: from Greater Paris to the Est Ensemble sector
9.4.1. Multifractal development planning
9.4.2. Assessment of potential residential satisfaction
9.4.3. Scenarios for spatial distribution of dwellings
9.5. Conclusion
9.6. References
Conclusion
List of Authors
Index
EULA

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