Fracture Management for the Small Animal Practitioner

Name: Fracture Management for the Small Animal Practitioner
Brand: Wiley
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Anne M. Sylvestre(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 1. April 2019

304 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Section 1 General Information
Chapter 1 Fracture Identification
1.1 Number of Fragments (Figure 1.1)
1.2 Fracture Configuration (Figure 1.2)
1.3 Location on the Bone (Figure 1.3)
1.4 Salter-Harris Fractures (Figure 1.4)
Chapter 2 Open Fractures
2.1 First Degree
2.2 Second Degree
2.3 Third Degree
Reference
Chapter 3 Patient Management
3.1 The Patient
3.1.1 Upon Admission
3.1.2 Immediate Postoperative Care
3.1.3 Upon Discharge From Hospital
3.1.4 Outside and Walks
3.1.5 Follow-up Radiographs and Healing Times
3.1.6 Implant Removal
3.2 The Owner
3.2.1 Slippery Floors
3.2.2 Stairs
3.2.3 No Jumping
3.2.4 Common Stressors
3.2.5 Crates
3.2.6 Icing
3.2.7 Gentle Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
3.2.8 Urination and Bowel Movements
3.2.9 Food and Water
3.2.10 Cats
3.3 Managing Osteoarthritis (OA)
References
Chapter 4 Bandages and Splints
4.1 The Bandage
4.1.1 Layers of a Bandage
4.1.2 Creating the Bandage
4.2 Forelimb
4.2.1 Velpeau Sling
4.2.2 Spica Bandage
4.2.3 Antebrachial Bandages
4.2.4 Bandages for a Manus
4.2.5 Carpal Flexion Sling
4.3 Hind Limb
4.3.1 Ehmer Sling
4.3.2 Robert Jones Bandage
4.3.3 Crural and Tarsal Bandages
4.3.4 Bandages for a Pes
4.3.5 Robinson and 90-90 Slings
4.4 Bandage Care
4.4.1 Home Care Instructions
4.4.2 Bandage Changes
4.4.3 Bandage/Splint Complications
Reference
Section 2 The Forequarter
Chapter 5 Mandible and Maxilla
5.1 Mandibular Fractures
5.1.1 Mandibular Symphyseal Separation
5.1.2 Rostral Mandibular Fractures
5.1.3 Fracture at the Level of the Mandibular First Molar
5.1.4 Temporomandibular Luxation
5.1.5 Other Mandibular Fractures
5.2 Maxillary Fractures
5.2.1 Fracture and/or Avulsion of the Incisive Bone
5.2.2 Fractures of the Maxillary Bone
5.3 Managing Expectations
5.4 Alternatives When the Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
5.5 Potential Complications of Maxillofacial Fracture Repair
References
Chapter 6 Scapula
6.1 Fractures
6.1.1 Fractures Through the Body and Spine of the Scapula (Figures 6.2 and 6.3)
6.1.2 Acromion Fractures (Figure 6.4)
6.1.3 Fractures of the Neck of the Scapula (Figure 6.5)
6.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
6.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 7 Shoulder Joint
7.1 Fractures and Luxations
7.1.1 Avulsion of the Supraglenoid Tuberosity (Figure 7.2)
7.1.2 T or Y Fractures of the Scapular Neck and Glenoid Rim (Figure 7.3)
7.1.3 Other Fractures Involving the Shoulder Joint
7.1.4 Medial Luxations
7.1.5 Lateral Luxations
7.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
7.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
7.3.1 Fractures
7.3.2 Luxations
References
Chapter 8 Humerus
8.1 Fractures
8.1.1 Physeal Fractures of the Proximal Humerus (Figure 8.2)
8.1.2 Two-Piece Humeral Shaft Fractures
8.1.3 Multifragmented Humeral Shaft and/or Supracondylar Fractures (Figure 8.5)
8.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
8.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 9 Elbow Joint
9.1 Fractures and Luxations
9.1.1 Condylar Fractures (Figure 9.2)
9.1.2 Bicondylar Fractures (Figure 9.3)
9.1.3 Acute Luxations
9.1.4 Chronic Luxations
9.1.5 Proximal Ulnar Fractures (Figure 9.7)
9.1.6 Monteggia Fractures (Figure 9.8)
9.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
9.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
9.3.1 For Patients with a Fracture
9.3.2 For Patients with a Luxation
References
Chapter 10 Radius and Ulna
10.1 Fractures
10.1.1 Fractures of the Proximal Ulna (Figure 10.2)
10.1.2 Fractures of the Proximal Radius
10.1.3 Fractures of the Radius in Toy Breed Dogs
10.1.4 Fractures of the Radius and Ulna in Non-Toy Breed Dogs and Cats (Figures 10.7 and 10.8)
10.1.5 Isolated Fractures of the Shaft of the Ulna (Figure 10.10)
10.1.6 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Radius (Figure 10.11)
10.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
10.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 11 Carpal Joint
11.1 Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries
11.1.1 Fractures of the Styloid Process of the Radius or Distal Ulna
11.1.2 Fractures of the Radial Carpal Bone (Figure 11.4)
11.1.3 Fractures of the Accessory Carpal Bone
11.1.4 Fractures of the Ulnar Carpal Bone
11.1.5 Collateral Ligament Injuries
11.1.6 Shearing Injuries
11.1.7 Hyperextension Injuries
11.1.8 Luxation of the Antebrachiaocarpal Joint (Figure 11.10)
11.1.9 Luxation of the Accessory Carpal Bone (Figure 11.9)
11.1.10 Luxation of the Radiocarpal Bone (Figure 11.11)
11.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
11.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
11.3.1 For Patients with a Fracture
11.3.2 For Patients with Ligamentous Injuries
11.4 About Pancarpal Arthrodesis (Figure 11.12)
11.5 About Partial Carpal Arthrodesis (Figure 11.13)
References
Section 3 The Hindquarter
Chapter 12 Pelvis
12.1 Co-morbidities
12.2 Fractures
12.2.1 SI Luxations/Fractures (Figure 12.2)
12.2.2 Fractures of the Ilial Shaft or Wing (Figure 12.4)
12.2.3 Acetabular Fractures
12.2.4 Ischial Fractures (Figure 12.6)
12.2.5 Fractures of the Pelvic Floor (Figure 12.7)
12.2.6 Summary of Indications for Surgical Repair of Pelvic Fractures
12.3 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
12.4 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 13 Coxofemoral Joint
13.1 Fractures and Luxations
13.1.1 Acetabular Fractures
13.1.2 Hip Luxations
13.1.3 Alternative Treatment of Choice: Open Reduction
13.1.4 Capital Physeal Fractures of the Proximal Femur (Figure 13.10)
13.1.5 Fractures of the Femoral Neck (Figure 13.12)
13.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
13.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
13.3.1 Acetabular Fractures
13.3.2 Luxations
13.3.3 Femoral Head and Neck Fractures
13.4 About the FHO
References
Chapter 14 Femur
14.1 Fractures
14.1.1 Avulsion Fractures of the Greater Trochanter (Figure 14.3)
14.1.2 Fractures of the Femoral Shaft
14.1.3 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Femur (Figure 14.9)
14.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
14.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 15 Stifle Joint
15.1 Fractures and Luxations
15.1.1 Articular Distal Femoral Fractures
15.1.2 Patellar Fractures (Figure 15.4)
15.1.3 Traumatic Patellar Luxations
15.1.4 Collateral Ligament Damage
15.1.5 Luxation of the Stifle Joint (Figure 15.6)
15.1.6 Articular Proximal Tibial Fractures (Figure 15.7)
15.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
15.3 Alternatives Treatment When Surgery is Not an Option
References
Chapter 16 Tibia and Fibula
16.1 Fractures
16.1.1 Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fractures (Figure 16.2)
16.1.2 Tibial Plateau Physeal Fractures (Figure 16.3)
16.1.3 Proximal Tibial Shaft Fractures (Figure 16.4)
16.1.4 Fractures of the Mid- and Mid-to-Distal Portions of the Tibial Shaft
16.1.5 Fractures of the Distal Tibial Shaft (Figure 16.9)
16.1.6 Physeal Fractures of the Distal Tibia/Fibula (Figure 16.10)
16.1.7 Fractures of the Fibular Shaft Alone (Figure 16.11)
16.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
16.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Chapter 17 Tarsal Joint
17.1 Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries
17.1.1 Articular Distal Tibial Fractures
17.1.2 Fractures of the Medial Malleolus or the Lateral Malleolus (Figure 17.3)
17.1.3 Medial or Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries
17.1.4 Luxations of the Tarsocrural Joint (Figure 17.6)
17.1.5 Shearing Injuries
17.1.6 Fractures of the Calcaneus (Figure 17.8)
17.1.7 Fractures/Luxations of the Talus
17.1.8 Fractures/Luxations of the Central Tarsal Bone (Figure 17.13)
17.1.9 Fractures of the Numbered Tarsal Bones
17.1.10 Luxation of the Intertarsal and/or Tarsometatarsal Joints (Figure 17.14)
17.2 Managing Expectations with Recommended Treatments
17.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
17.4 About Pantarsal Arthrodesis (Figure 17.15)
17.5 About Partial Tarsal Arthrodesis (Figure 17.16)
References
Chapter 18 Paw (Manus and Pes)
18.1 Fractures and Luxations
18.1.1 MC/MT Fractures
18.1.2 Phalangeal Fractures (Figure 18.5)
18.1.3 Luxations of the Inter-Phalangeal or MC/MT-Phalangeal Joints
18.2 Managing Expectation with Recommended Treatments
18.3 Alternatives When Treatment of Choice is Not an Option
References
Section 4 Fracture Repair Techniques
Chapter 19 Essential Information on Fracture Repair
19.1 Forces Applied to a Bone
19.2 Techniques for Reducing a Fracture
19.2.1 Distraction
19.2.2 Lever
19.2.3 Toggle
19.2.4 Oblique Fractures
19.2.5 Using the Plate
19.3 Instrumentation
19.3.1 Drills
19.3.2 Fracture Repair General Instruments
References
Chapter 20 Pins and Wires
20.1 Case Selection
20.2 Instrumentation (Figure 20.1)
20.3 Fundamentals of Application
20.3.1 Cerclage Wires
20.3.2 Pins
20.4 Pinning Techniques for Various Long Bones
20.4.1 Humerus
20.4.2 Radius
20.4.3 Femur
20.4.4 Tibia
References
Chapter 21 Plating
21.1 Case Selection
21.2 Instrumentation
21.2.1 Bone Screws
21.2.2 Bone Plates
21.2.3 Plating-specific Instruments
21.3 Fundamentals of Application
21.3.1 Selecting a Plate
21.3.2 At Surgery
21.3.3 Pin-Plate Combination
21.3.4 Stack Plating
21.4 Postoperative Care
21.5 Plating Techniques for Various Long Bones
21.5.1 Humerus
21.5.2 Radius
21.5.3 Femur
21.5.4 Tibia
References
Chapter 22 External Fixators
22.1 Case Selection
22.2 Basic Rules of External Fixation
22.2.1 Pins
22.2.2 Connecting Bars
22.2.3 Clamps
22.3 Fundamentals of Application
22.4 Fixators: Biomechanics/Constructs (Figure 22.8)
22.4.1 Acrylic Splints/Constructs
22.4.2 Circular External Fixators
22.5 Postoperative Care
22.6 Complications
22.7 Preferred Technique for Various Long Bones
22.7.1 Tibial Fractures
22.7.2 Humeral Fractures
22.7.3 Femoral Fractures
22.7.4 Radial Fractures
References
Chapter 23 Repair of Physeal Fractures
23.1 Physeal Fractures
23.1.1 Crossed Pin Technique
23.2 Avulsion Type Physeal Fractures
23.2.1 Tension Band Wiring Technique
23.3 Repair Techniques for Various Physeal Fractures
23.3.1 Proximal Humerus
23.3.2 Proximal Ulna
23.3.3 Proximal Radius
23.3.4 Distal Radius
23.3.5 Greater Trochanter
23.3.6 Distal Femur
23.3.7 Tibial Tuberosity
23.3.8 Proximal Tibial Physis
23.3.9 Distal Tibial Physis
References
Recommended Reading
Chapter 24 Fractures of the Jaw
24.1 Anatomical Considerations
24.2 Jaw Fracture Management
24.2.1 The Principles of Jaw Fracture Management
24.2.2 Intubation Considerations for the Fracture Repair
24.2.3 Feeding Plan Post Jaw Fracture Repair
24.3 Pain Management
24.4 Maxillofacial Fracture Repair
24.5 Methods of Maxillofacial Fracture Stabilization
24.5.1 Tape or Nylon Muzzles (Figure 24.7)
24.5.2 Osseous Wiring Techniques for Maxillofacial Fracture Repair
24.5.3 Intra-Dental Wiring Techniques with Acrylic Reinforcement
24.5.4 Bonding the Maxillary to the Mandibular Canines
24.6 Bone Grafts
24.7 Teeth in the Fracture Line
24.8 Antibiotic Therapy in Maxillofacial Fracture Repair
24.9 Irrigation of the Appliance
24.10 Recheck Examinations
References
Chapter 25 Approaches to the Long Bones
25.1 Approach to the Diaphysis of the Humerus
25.1.1 Patient Position
25.1.2 The Surgical Approach (Figure 25.1)
25.2 Approach to the Diaphysis of the Radius
25.2.1 Patient Position (Figure 25.2)
25.2.2 Surgical Approach (Figure 25.3)
25.3 Approach to the Femoral Diaphysis
25.3.1 Patient Position
25.3.2 The Surgical Approach
25.4 Approach to the Tibial Diaphysis
25.4.1 Patient Position
25.4.2 The Surgical Approach
Reference
Chapter 26 Implants
26.1 Maneuvering Orthopedic Implants
26.2 Quality Implants: Essential Information on Quality Implants
26.3 Titanium vs Stainless Steel
Index
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