1 Cytogenetics in Genetics and Plant Breeding.- 1.1 Cytogenetics as a Subdiscipline of Genetics.- 1.2 Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding.- 2 Chromosome Composition, Structure and Morphology.- 2.1 DNA.- 2.2 Chromosome Structure; Histones and Other Chromosomal Proteins.- 2.3 Euchromatin, Heterochromatin.- 2.4 Special Functional Elements in Chromosomes.- 2.5 Microscopic Chromosome Morphology: the Karyotype, Standard and Variations.- 3 The Mechanisms of Genetic Transmission.- 3.1 The Somatic Cycle.- 3.2 Generative Transmission: Fertilization - Meiosis.- 4 The Somatic Chromosome Complement: Karyotype Analysis.- 4.1 The Karyotype.- 4.2 Approaches to Karyotype Analysis: Chromosome Number and Morphology.- 5 Karyotype Variants A: Chromosome Structural Variants.- 5.1 Deficiencies.- 5.2 Duplications.- 5.3 Inversions Ill.- 5.4 Translocations.- 5.5 Other Rearrangements (Robertsonian Fission and Fusion; Isochromosome; Compound).- 6 Karyotype Variants B: Chromosome Number Variants.- 6.1 Euploidy.- 6.2 Aneuploidy.- 7 Diagnosis: Identifying Cytogenetic Causes of Variants of the Karyotype and the Generative Cycle.- 7.1 Diagnosis: The Collection of Specific Information: Context, Objectives and Means.- 7.2 The Diagnostic Strategy.- 7.3 The Diagnostic Use of Meiotic Behaviour and Configurations: Types and Distribution;Causes and Consequences.- 7.4 The Diagnostic Protocol.- 8 Estimating, Recording and Manipulating Recombination.- 8.1 Chromosome Recombination and Exchange Recombination.- 8.2 Exchange Recombination: Crossing-Over.- 8.3 Recording Recombination: Genetic Chromosome Maps.- 8.4 Manipulating Recombination.- 9 Genome Analysis: Identification of and Relations Between Genomes.- 9.1 Genome Analysis: Different Concepts.- 9.2 Genomic Composition of Allopolyploids.- 9.3 Relations Between Genomes: Homology, Homoeology, Affinity.- 10 Manipulation of Genome Composition: A. Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Objectives.- 10.2 Molecular Versus Generative Gene Transfer.- 10.1 Identification of Transferred Chromatin.- 10.2 Different Approaches to Generative Gene Transfer...- 11 Manipulation of Genome Composition. B. Gene Dose: Duplication, Polyploidy and Gametic Chromosome Number.- 11.1 Objectives.- 11.2 Duplications.- 11.3 Increase in the Number of Genomes: Polyploidy.- 11.4 Reduction in Genome Number: Gametic Chromosome Number.- 12 Manipulation of the Genetic System.- 12.1 Natural and Artificial Variation in Generative Genetic Systems.- 12.2 Allopolyploidization of Autopolyploids.- 12.3 Permanent Translocation Heterozygosity.- 12.4 Cytogenetic Approaches to Hybrid Breeding.- 12.5 Apomixis and Related Systems.- References.
