Marriott's Practical Electrocardiography

Name: Marriott's Practical Electrocardiography
Brand: Wolters Kluwer Health
Price: 146.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

David G. Strauss Douglas Schocken(Autor*in)

Wolters Kluwer Health (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 21. Oktober 2020

536 Seiten

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978-1-4963-9746-1 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Digital Contents: Quizzes, Animations and Videos List
Contributors
Preface
SECTION I: BASIC CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 1 CARDIAC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY
The Book: Marriott's Practical Electrocardiography, 13th Edition
What Can This Book Do for Me?
What Can I Expect From Myself When I Have "Completed" This Book?
The Electrocardiogram
What Is an Electrocardiogram?
What Does an Electrocardiogram Actually Measure?
What Medical Problems Can Be Diagnosed With an Electrocardiogram?
Anatomic Orientation of the Heart
The Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Impulse Formation and Conduction
Recording Long-Axis (Base-Apex) Cardiac Electrical Activity
Recording Short-Axis (Left Versus Right) Cardiac Electrical Activity
CHAPTER 2 RECORDING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
The Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
Frontal Plane
Transverse Plane
Correct and Incorrect Electrode Placements
Alternative Displays of the 12 Standard Electrocardiogram Leads
Cabrera Sequence
Twenty-four-Lead Electrocardiogram
Continuous Monitoring
Monitoring
Clinical Situation
Alternative Electrode Placement
Clinical Indications
Standard Site(s) Unavailable
Specific Cardiac Abnormalities
Other Practical Points for Recording the Electrocardiogram
CHAPTER 3 INTERPRETATION OF THE NORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
Electrocardiographic Features
Rate and Regularity
P-wave Morphology
General Contour
P-wave Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
The PR Interval
Morphology of the QRS Complex
General Contour
Q waves
R waves
S waves
QRS Complex Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
Morphology of the ST Segment
T-wave Morphology
General Contour
T-wave Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
U-wave Morphology
QT and QTc Intervals
Cardiac Rhythm
Cardiac Rate and Regularity
P-wave Axis
PR Interval
Morphology of the QRS Complex
ST Segment, T wave, U wave, and QTc Interval
A Final Word
SECTION II: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT AND CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES
CHAPTER 4 CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
Atrial Enlargement
Electrocardiogram Pattern With Atrial Enlargement
General Contour
P-wave Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
Ventricular Enlargement
Ventricular Enlargement due to Hemodynamic Overload
Ventricular Enlargement Primarily due to Structural Changes (Cardiomyopathy)
Electrocardiogram QRS Changes With Ventricular Enlargement
Left-Ventricular Dilation
Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy
Electrocardiogram Pattern With Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy
General Contour
QRS Complex Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
Right-Ventricular Hypertrophy
Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
Biventricular Hypertrophy
Scoring Systems for Assessing LVH and RVH
CHAPTER 5 INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES
Normal Conduction
Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks
Unifascicular Blocks
Right-Bundle-Branch Block
Left Fascicular Blocks
Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Bifascicular Blocks
Left-Bundle-Branch Block
Right-Bundle-Branch Block With Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Right-Bundle-Branch Block With Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Systematic Approach to the Analysis of Bundle-Branch and Fascicular Blocks
General Contour of the QRS Complex
QRS Complex Duration
Positive and Negative Amplitudes
QRS Axis in the Frontal and Transverse Planes
Clinical Perspective on Intraventricular-Conduction Disturbances
SECTION III: ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION
CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION
Introduction to Ischemia and Infarction
Proximity to the Intracavitary Blood Supply
Distance From the Major Coronary Arteries
Workload as Determined by the Pressure Required to Pump Blood
Electrocardiographic Changes
Electrophysiologic Changes During Ischemia
Electrocardiographic Changes During Supply Ischemia (Insufficient Blood Supply)
Electrocardiographic Changes During Demand Ischemia
Progression of Transmural Ischemia to Infarction
CHAPTER 7 SUBENDOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA FROM INCREASED MYOCARDIAL DEMAND
Changes in the ST Segment
Normal Variants
Typical Subendocardial Ischemia
Atypical Subendocardial Ischemia
Normal Variant or Subendocardial Ischemia?
Abnormal Variants of Subendocardial Ischemia
Ischemia Monitoring
CHAPTER 8 TRANSMURAL MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA FROM INSUFFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY
Changes in the ST Segment
Changes in the T Wave
Changes in the QRS Complex
Estimating Extent, Acuteness, and Severity of Ischemia
CHAPTER 9 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Infarcting Phase
Transition From Ischemia to Infarction
Resolving ST-Segment Deviation: Toward the Infarct
T-wave Migration: Toward to Away From the Infarct
Evolving QRS Complex Away From the Infarct
Chronic Phase
QRS Complex for Diagnosing
QRS Complex for Localizing
SECTION IV: DRUGS, ELECTROLYTES, AND MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
CHAPTER 10 ELECTROLYTES AND DRUGS
Cardiac Action Potential
Electrolyte Abnormalities
Potassium
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Calcium
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Drug Effects
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Class I Drugs
Class Ia (Including Quinidine, Procainamide, and Disopyramide)
Class Ib (Lidocaine and Mexiletine)
Class Ic (Flecainide)
Class II Drugs
Class III Drugs
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Amiodarone
Class IV Drugs
Other Drugs
Digitalis
CHAPTER 11 MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
Introduction
Cardiomyopathies
Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
Pericardial Abnormalities
Acute Pericarditis
Pericardial Effusion and Chronic Constriction
Pulmonary Abnormalities
Acute Cor Pulmonale: Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Emphysema
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Endocrine and Metabolic Abnormalities
Thyroid Abnormalities
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothermia
Obesity
CHAPTER 12 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Atrial Septal Defects
Ventricular Septal Defect
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Pulmonary Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ebstein Anomaly
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Fontan Circulation
SECTION V: ABNORMAL RHYTHMS
CHAPTER 13 INTRODUCTION TO ARRHYTHMIAS
Introduction to Arrhythmia Diagnosis
Problems of Automaticity
Problems of Impulse Conduction: Block
Problems of Impulse Conduction: Reentry
Approach to Arrhythmia Diagnosis
Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias
Ladder Diagrams
Summary
Clinical Methods for Detecting Arrhythmias
Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Monitoring
Continuous Monitors (Holter Monitors)
Intermittent Patient- or Event-Activated Recorders
Real-time Continuous Event Recorders (Mobile Telemetry)
Implantable Loop Recorders
Mobile Technology
Invasive Methods of Recording the Electrocardiogram
CHAPTER 14 PREMATURE BEATS
Premature Beat Terminology
Differential Diagnosis of Wide Premature Beats
Mechanisms of Production of Premature Beats
Atrial Premature Beats
Junctional Premature Beats
Ventricular Premature Beats
The Ventricular Premature Beat Is Interpolated Between Consecutive Sinus Beats
The Ventricular Premature Beat Resets the Sinus Rhythm
Right-Ventricular Versus Left-Ventricular Premature Beats
Multiform Ventricular Premature Beats
Groups of Ventricular Premature Beats
Vulnerable Period and R-on-T Phenomenon
Prognostic Implications of Ventricular Premature Beats
CHAPTER 15 SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
Introduction
Differential Diagnosis of Supraventricular Tachycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Tachycardia
Junctional Tachycardia
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Accessory Pathway-Mediated Tachycardia
CHAPTER 16 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND FLUTTER
Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Twelve-Lead Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Typical Atrial Flutter
Atypical Atrial Flutter
Twelve-Lead Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Atypical Atrial Flutter
Clinical Considerations of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Treatment Goals
CHAPTER 17 VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Definitions of Ventricular Arrhythmias
Etiologies and Mechanisms
Diagnosis
Step 1: Regular or Irregular
Step 2: Understanding Clinical Substrate
Step 3: Identify P waves and Relationship to Ventricular Rhythm
AV Dissociation
Intermittent Irregularity-Fusion and Capture Beats
Atrioventricular Association
Step 4: RS Morphology
No RS Pattern
RS Is Present
Step 5: QRS Morphology
Right-Bundle-Branch Block Pattern
Left-Bundle-Branch Block Pattern
Variations in the Electrocardiographic Appearance of Ventricular Tachycardia: Torsades de Pointes
Ventricular Flutter/Fibrillation
CHAPTER 18 BRADYARRHYTHMIAS
Mechanisms of Bradyarrhythmias: Decreased Automaticity
Physiologic Slowing of the Sinus Rate
Physiologic or Pathologic Enhancement of Parasympathetic Activity
Pathologic Pacemaker Failure
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome (Tachy-Brady)
Sinus Pause or Arrest
Sinoatrial Block
Atrioventricular Conduction Disease
Severity of Atrioventricular Block
First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Location of Atrioventricular Block
Atrioventricular Nodal Block
Infranodal (Purkinje) Block
CHAPTER 19 VENTRICULAR PREEXCITATION
Clinical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Ventricular Preexcitation
Ventricular Preexcitation as a "Great Mimic" of Other Cardiac Problems
Electrocardiographic Localization of the Pathway of Ventricular Preexcitation
Ablation of Accessory Pathways
CHAPTER 20 INHERITED ARRHYTHMIA DISORDERS
The Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)
LQTS Electrocardiographic Characteristics
QT Interval
T-wave Morphology
Electrocardiogram as Used in Diagnosis for LQTS
The Short QT Syndrome (SQTS)
SQTS Electrocardiographic Characteristics
QT Interval
T-wave Morphology
Electrocardiogram as Used in Diagnosis for SQTS
The Brugada Syndrome
Arrhythmogenic Right-Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia
J-wave Syndrome
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
CHAPTER 21 IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
Basic Concepts of the Implantable Cardiac Pacemaker
Pacemaker Modes and Dual-Chamber Pacing
Pacemaker Evaluation
Myocardial Location of the Pacing Electrodes
Special Algorithms to Avoid Right-Ventricular Pacing
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Physiologic Ventricular Pacing-His-Bundle Pacing
Index

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