Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation

Name: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation | Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, July 17-21, 2017, The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, July 17-21, 2017, The Westin Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA

Neville A. Stanton(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 22. Juni 2017

XXI, 1160 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2017
Preface
Road and Rail
Aviation and Aerospace
Maritime
Contents
Aviation: Human Factors Safety in Aviation and Aerospace
Influencing Factors on Error Reporting in Aviation - A Scenario-Based Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Error Reporting and Its Importance for Safety Management in Aviation
2.1 An Integrated Threat Model
2.2 Error Reporting
2.3 Error Reporting as Part of Safety Management
2.4 Hypotheses
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Sample
3.2 Instrument Development and Pretest
3.3 Variables
3.4 Procedure
4 Results
4.1 Descriptive Statistics
4.2 Hypothesis Testing
5 Discussion
5.1 Implications for Safety Management and Further Investigations
References
Quantifying Pilot Contribution to Flight Safety During Hydraulic Systems Failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Experiment Design
2.2 Participants
2.3 Simulator
2.4 Training
3 Results
3.1 Failure Handling and Flight Path Control
3.2 Checklist Usage
3.3 Diversion Decision
3.4 Workload
3.5 Safety-of-Flight
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Perceptions and Affective Responses to Alternative Risk-Based Airport Security
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Effects of Selection Procedures on Perceptions of Equity and Safety
3 The Effect of Security Automation on Perceptions of Safety and Equity
4 Method
4.1 Procedure
4.2 Experimental Manipulation
4.3 Emotion Elicitation
4.4 Other Dependent Measures
5 Results
5.1 Analytical Approach
5.2 The Experimental Effects on Security Attributes and Affective Responses
5.3 Predicting Shame, Anger, and Decision
6 Conclusion
References
Autonomous Stall Recovery Dynamics as a Prevention Tool for General Aviation Loss of Control
Abstract
1 Introduction: Loss of Control in General Aviation
2 Safety Enhancement via Training and System Knowledge
3 Design Considerations in Aeronautical Autonomous Systems
3.1 Training in Observation
4 Autonomous Stall Recovery System: TRS Mark 2
4.1 Ground Station Data Transfer for Training Purposes
5 Conclusive Remarks
References
Planning of General Aviation Pilots Using Interviews
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Method
3.1 Participants
3.2 Interview Design
3.3 Analysis of Interview
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
HMIM: A Method to Study the Information and Control Flow Exchange in the Flight Deck
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definitions
2.1 Definition of HMIM
2.2 Determination of Information Quantity
2.3 Determination of Control Value
3 Case Study
3.1 Apparatus
3.2 Setting
3.3 Participants
3.4 Procedure
4 Results
4.1 Characteristics of HMIM Sequences
4.2 The Corresponding Vertical Deviations of the Glide Trajectories
4.3 HMIM with NAS-TLX
5 Discussion
References
Analyzing Positive and Negative Effects of Salience in Air Traffic Control Tasks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Experimental Condition
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Measurement
3 Experimental Result
3.1 Level of Situation Awareness (SA)
3.2 Instruction Timing
3.3 Performance of Sub Tasks
4 Discussion
4.1 Verification of Hypothesis
4.2 Effects of Salience for Novice Users on the ATC Tasks
5 Conclusion
References
Engine Failure Induced Task Load Transient for Simulation Based Certification Aiding for Aircraft
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
An Analysis of Human Factor Aspects in Operational Fuel Saving
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Description of the Questionnaire
2.2 Description of the Simulator Experiment
3 Results
3.1 Findings of the Online Survey
3.2 Results of the Simulator Experiment
4 Discussion and Implications
References
Transition from Conventionally to Remotely Piloted Aircraft - Investigation of Possible Impacts on Function Allocation and Information Accessibility Using Cognitive Work Analysis Methods
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Work Domain Analysis (Abstraction Hierarchy)
2.2 Activity and Function Allocation Analysis (SOCA-CAT)
2.3 Analysis of Decision Making and Classification of Information Sources (Decision Ladder)
3 Results
3.1 Abstraction Hierarchy
3.2 Results of the Analysis of Function Allocation in an Airbus A320 Aircraft
3.3 Results of the Analysis on Decision Making and Classification of Information Sources
3.4 Function Reallocation for a Single Piloted RPA
4 Discussion
References
Workload and the En Route Controller - An Overblown Issue?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definitions
3 Why Does Workload Matter?
4 Current Methods for Mitigating Workload
5 Measuring Workload
6 HITL Scenario Design
7 Conclusion
References
Data-Driven Pilot Behavior Modeling Applied to an Aircraft Offset Landing Task
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Development
2.1 Offset Landing Task
2.2 Input and Output Models Considerations
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Model Identification Techniques
3.2 Analysis of the Maneuver
3.3 Reevaluation of the Inputs - Single Landing
3.4 Model Order and Complexity - Single Landing
3.5 Evaluation of Multiple Landings
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Motion and Time Study on Space Maintenance Mission
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Present Study of Motion and Time Study
3 Motion Study on Space Maintenance Mission
4 Time Study on Space Maintenance Mission
4.1 Steps of Time Study on Maintenance Mission
4.2 Calculation Method of Observation Time
5 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Air Traffic Controller Additional Work Load as a Result of Aircraft Dynamic Separations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Achieving Dynamic Wake Separations
3 Air Traffic Controller Workload
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Habitability Issues in Long Duration Space Missions Far from Earth
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Psychological Highlights
2.1 Psychological and Cognitive Issues
2.2 Habitability Issues
2.3 Questionnaire
References
Maritime
Identifying Gaps, Opportunities and User Needs for Future E-navigation Technology and Information Exchange
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Voyage Plans
3.2 Hidden Closest Point of Approach Rules
3.3 Automatic Identification System Information
3.4 Draught
3.5 Shallow Water Contours
3.6 Pilot Scheduling
3.7 Temporary Warnings to Mariners
3.8 VTS Reporting
3.9 Local Weather
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Inshore Navigation's Yacht: Study Cases of Sustainable and Ergonomic Yacht Design
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Inshore and Inland Slow Mobility in the Abruzzo Region
3 Design Process
4 Guidelines
4.1 ByBoat
4.2 Floating BBQ
4.3 Muse
4.4 Solar B
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
"A-Shaped" Mast Sailing Yacht: Technological Solution for Easy Navigation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Problems of the "Traditional" Sloop Sail Plan
3 "A-Shaped" Mast. Short Description of the State of the Art
4 The Experiment in the Wind Tunnel
5 Case Study (Combination of "A-Shaped" Mast and Canting Keel)
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Assessing Sonar and Target Motion Analysis Stations in a Submarine Control Room Using Cognitive Work ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Interviews
2.2 Observations
3 Comparison of Abstraction Hierarchies
3.1 Sonar
3.2 TMA
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Visualization in Maritime Navigation: A Critical Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Model of Maritime Navigation
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Gaps Between Users and Designers: A Usability Study About a Tablet-Based Application Used on Ship Br ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mobile Application Design and Development
3 Method
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Road and Rail: Driver Safety
ATV Safety in Agriculture: Injury, Illness, Analysis and Interventions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Epidemiology
3 Interventions
4 Future Studies
References
Study of Spain's Vehicle Fleet Safety Level Based on the Results of Euro NCAP Tests
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Unification of the Database
2.2 Make and Model Matching
2.3 Commercial Name Matching
2.4 Euro NCAP Rating Introduction and Assignation
2.5 Euro NCAP and Vehicle Registration Database Match
2.6 Database Maintenance
3 Results
3.1 Normalization of Vehicle Registration Database
3.2 Euro NCAP Rating Assignation
3.3 Database Study
4 Conclusions
References
Effects of Actigraphically Acquired Sleep Quality on Driving Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Pat ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Sample
2.2 Study Procedures
2.3 Measures
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Integrating Traffic Safety in Vehicle Routing Solution
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Case Study
4 Methodology
4.1 Travel Time Cost Assessment
4.2 Crash Risk Cost Assessment
5 Integrated Travel Cost Function
6 Conclusion
References
Structural Study of the Side Impact Test with a Fully-Instrumented Pole
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Pole Test Regulation
3 Pole Design
4 Construction of the Instrumented Pole
5 Methodology
6 Validation Test and Forces and Energy Analysis
7 Conclusions
References
Neurobehavioural Evaluation of Rehabilitation Programs for Dangerous Drivers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Different Learning Conditions and Their Impact on Hazard Perception Training
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Design
2.2 Participants
2.3 Material
2.4 Procedure
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion and Practical Implications
Acknowledgments
References
Effects of Using a Cell Phone on Gaze Movements During Simulated Car Driving: Hand-Held and Hands-Fr ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Cell Phone Use Distraction on Driving and Traffic Safety
1.2 Gaze Behavior
2 Method
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Risky Behavior and the Attitudes Towards the Police Safety Operations in the Czech Republic
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aim and Methods of the Study
3 Sample
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion and Recommendation
Acknowledgements
References
Does the Familiarity of Road Regulation Contribute to Driving Violation? A Simulated Study on Famili ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Individual Factors in Risk-Taking Behaviors
1.2 The Effect of Road Familiarity on Risk-Taking Behavior
1.3 The Present Study
2 Method
2.1 Familiarity of Road Intersections
2.2 Measurement
2.3 Sample
2.4 Procedure
2.5 Calculation
3 Results
3.1 Descriptive Statistics
3.2 Explaining Mistakes in Questionnaire and Virtual Driving
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Research on Blinking-Luminescence Travel Support for Visually Impaired Persons
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experiment
2.1 Blinking Pattern
2.2 Experiment Outline
2.3 Experiment Procedure
2.4 Evaluation Method
3 Experiment Result
3.1 Result of Brain Wave Measurement
3.2 Result of Sensory Test
4 Consideration
5 Conclusion
References
An Emerging Framework to Inform Effective Design of Human-Machine Interfaces for Older Adults Using ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Review Method and Research Questions
3 Emerging Principles
3.1 Leading Generic HMI Design Principles that Could Inform the Development of a CAV in-Vehicle HMI ...
3.2 Aging-Related Impairments that Should Be Considered in Regards to the Usability and Accessibilit ...
3.3 Aging-Related Impairments Should Be Considered in Regards to the Functionality and Adaptability ...
4 Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Road and Rail: Human-Machine Interaction
Identifying Difference Thresholds of Haptics and Acoustics of Control Devices
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Answer Options
2.2 Transformed Up/Down Method
2.3 Identification of Haptic and Acoustic Parameters
2.4 Experimental Design
2.5 Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Difference Thresholds
3.2 Recommendations Concerning Tolerance Zones
4 Discussion
References
Digital Touchpoints in Campus Slow Traffic Service System
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Needs for Campus Slow Traffic
2.1 Environmental Requirements
2.2 Object-Oriented Needs
2.3 Social Demands
3 Service System Approach in Campus Slow Traffic
4 Slow Traffic Service System of Jiading Campus
4.1 Existing Problems in Campus Traffic
4.2 User Research
4.3 The Slow Traffic Service System Design
5 Digital Touchpoints in the Service System
5.1 Touchpoints Architecture
5.2 Service-Oriented Landmarks
5.3 Digital Touchpoints in the Three Sub-systems
5.4 Technology Overview
6 Conclusion
References
Cognitive Vehicle Design Guided by Human Factors and Supported by Bayesian Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
1 Design Features of the Cognitive Vehicle
2 Issues in Highly Automated Driving and Design Solutions
3 Application of Bayesian Artificial Intelligence
4 In-Vehicle Telematics Issues
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Assessing In-Vehicle Secondary Tasks with the NHTSA Visual-Manual Guidelines Occlusion Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Equipment
2.2 Tasks Performed
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Data Analysis
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
The Benefit of Touchless Gesture Control: An Empirical Evaluation of Commercial Vehicle-Related Use Cases
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Functions and Use Cases
2.2 Experimental Setup
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Objective and Subjective Data
3 Results
3.1 Participants
3.2 Analysis of Driving Performance
3.3 Analysis of Interaction Times
3.4 Analysis of Physical Demand and Workload
3.5 Analysis of Perceived Attractiveness and Usefulness
4 Discussion
References
How Does Awareness Affect Performance in an Automotive Dual Task Condition?
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 What Is an Activity in an Automotive Context?
1.3 Situation Awareness in the Vehicle
2 Study Design
2.1 Experimental Design and Hypothesis
2.2 Equipment and Setup
2.3 Task Design - NRA and DRA
2.4 Dependent Variables
2.5 Participants and Procedure
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Subjective
3.2 Objective
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Intelligent Driving Interface Layout and Design Research
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Interviews on Layout Preference of Intelligent Driving Vehicles
2.1 Interview Topics
2.2 Participants
2.3 Interview
2.4 Interview Findings
3 Preference Studies on Layout of Intelligent Diving Cars
3.1 Experiment Scheme
3.2 Materials
3.3 Participants
3.4 Experiment Process
3.5 Findings
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Human-Machine Interface Design Development for Connected and Cooperative Vehicle Features
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Materials
2.3 Experimental Design and Procedure
3 Results
3.1 Emergency Electronic Brake Lights (EEBL)
3.2 Emergency Vehicle Warning (EVW)
3.3 Traffic Condition Warning and Road Works Warning (TCW, RWW)
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
How Does Eye-Gaze Relate to Gesture Movement in an Automotive Pointing Task?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Method
3.1 Experimental Set-up and Logged Data
3.2 Graphical User Interface
3.3 Participants
3.4 Driving Conditions and Procedure
3.5 Considered Measures
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Determination of Auditory Stimuli for the Auditory Variant of the Detection Response Task Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Cognitive Task
3.2 Auditory DRT Stimuli
3.3 Design
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Perceptions Towards the Use of Intelligent Transport System Technologies by Earthquake Victims
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Sampling Method and Data Collection
3 Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNLR) Analysis approach
4 Results
5 Interpretation of Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
8 Application of the Work
9 Future Directions
References
Blind Driving by Means of a Steering-Based Predictor Algorithm
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Apparatus
2.2 Track
2.3 Participants
2.4 Speed and Gearbox Settings
2.5 New Algorithm for Issuing Feedback
2.6 Experiment Design
2.7 Dependent Variables
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Using Interior Design Principles to Improve the User's Perception of Vehicle Interiors: A Study on Visual Parameters
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Test Vehicles
2.2 Participants
2.3 Visual Parameters
2.4 Kansei Engineering
2.5 Visual Parameter Evaluation
3 Results
3.1 Identified Visual Parameters
3.2 Comfort, Cohesiveness and Spaciousness
4 Conclusions
References
Possibility of Automobile Seat Evaluation with Seat Fidgets and Movements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Material and Method
2.1 Experimental Outline
2.2 Test Seats
2.3 Evaluation Method
2.4 Participants
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Vibration Acceleration
3.2 Discomfort Rating
3.3 SFMs
4 Conclusion
References
A Study on the Relationship Between Passengers' Visual Searching Efficiency in Bus-Waiting Process a ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Researching Methods
2.1 Optimization of Bus Face Design
2.2 The Design of Experimental Scene
2.3 Experimental Subjects
2.4 Experimental Equipment
2.5 Experimental Procedure
3 Data Analysis
3.1 Layout Analysis
3.2 Text Color Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Vision and Driving Support for Shielded Vehicles - Implementation and Test of an Electronic Vision R ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Vision Replacement
2 Camera-Monitor System Implementation
2.1 Panorama Stitching
2.2 Augmentation
3 Vehicle Platform and Installation
4 Evaluation Process
5 Results
5.1 Sample
5.2 Results from Questionnaires and Interviews
5.3 Eye Tracking (DL)
6 Discussion
References
Measuring the Cognitive Demands of In-vehicle Dashboard and Centre Console Tasks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Driving Simulation
2.2 Subjective Review
2.3 Participants
3 Analysis Method
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Cognitive Load Assessment of Tractor Driver Based on Cognitive Task Workload Model
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Investigation
4 Analysis
4.1 Task Analysis
4.2 Analysis of Time Occupied
4.3 Analysis of Level of Action Load and Action-Set Switching
5 Experiment
5.1 Experiment Equipment
5.2 Pulping Operation
5.3 Pulping Operation vs. Seeding Operation
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Road and Rail: Automation
A Review of Non-driving-related Tasks Used in Studies on Automated Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Non-driving-related Tasks
3 Takeover Process Model
4 Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Driverless Pods: From Technology Demonstrators to Desirable Mobility Solutions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Kano Model
3 Comfort Model
4 Conclusion
References
Testing Scenarios for Human Factors Research in Level 3 Automated Vehicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Driver in a Level 3 Automated Vehicle
3 Testing Scenarios in Human Factors Research
4 Taxonomy of Testing Scenarios
5 Recommended Testing Scenarios
Acknowledgement
References
Autonomous Vehicles: Reliability of Their Perception of the World Around Them and the Role of Human ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Levels of Technological Advances
3 Issues of Accuracy and Reliability
4 The Cognitive Vehicles
5 Bayesian Artificial Intelligence
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Connecting Rural Road Design to Automated Vehicles: The Concept of Safe Speed to Overcome Human Errors
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 AVs and Road Design/Safety
2.1 Driving Automation in the Future
2.2 The Influence on Road Safety
2.3 Different Scenarios for Road Design and Operation
2.4 AVs and Tire-Road Friction Estimation
3 The Safe Speed
3.1 The Friction Diagram Method
3.2 The Safe Speed in the Traditional Design
3.3 The Safe Speed for the Autonomous Vehicle
4 Conclusions
References
A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers' Behaviour During Highly-Automated Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Automation
1.2 Overview of Methodological Approach
2 Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Activities and Artefacts
3.2 Posture
3.3 Trust and Situation Awareness
3.4 Further Considerations
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Understanding and Applying the Concept of "Driver Availability" in Automated Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Take-Over Process Model and Terminologies
3 The Concept of Driver Availability
4 Modelling Driver Availability
4.1 Modeling Framework
4.2 Assessing the Current Driver State by Drive State Monitoring
4.3 Predicting the Target Driver State
5 Applications
Acknowledgements
References
What to Expect of Automated Driving: Expectations and Anticipation of System Behavior
Abstract
1 User Centered Research for New In-Vehicle Technology
2 Understanding Expectations
2.1 Method
2.2 Results
3 Initial Information and Degree of Freedom
3.1 Method
3.2 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
The Design of a Vibrotactile Seat for Conveying Take-Over Requests in Automated Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Conditionally Automated Driving and the Take-Over Process
1.2 Vibrotactile Displays in Conditionally Automated Driving
1.3 Use Cases of a Vibrotactile Seat in Conditionally Automated Driving
1.4 Aim of This Study
2 Design of the Vibrotactile Seat
2.1 Requirements of the Vibrotactile Seat
2.2 Signal Architecture
2.3 Hardware
2.4 Participants
2.5 Apparatus
2.6 Procedure
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Learning from the Best - Naturalistic Arbitration for Cooperative Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction and Theoretical Background
2 Methodology
3 Results
3.1 Action Intentions
3.2 Conflict Concerning Direction of Movement
3.3 Conflict Concerning Velocity of Movement
3.4 Interaction Resources
4 Transfer to Automated Vehicles and Cooperative Driving
4.1 Use Cases of Cooperative Driving
4.2 Exemplary Interaction Pattern for Arbitration
5 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Modelling the Dynamics of Driver Situation Awareness in Automated Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Dynamics of Building Situation Awareness
2.1 Model Architecture
2.2 Model Verification
3 SA Real-Time Monitoring with Eye-Tracking Data
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle External Communication System Concept: A Survey Study
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Intention Indicator
2.2 Survey Design
2.3 Participants
3 Results
3.1 Demographics
3.2 Concept Identification
3.3 Concept Comparison
4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics in Support of Fleet Safety During Severe Weather
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Idaho National Laboratory Mission Support Services
3 Near-Real Time Weather Forecasting
3.1 Increased Resolution
3.2 Increased Accessibility
3.3 Driver Benefit
3.4 Communication Technology
4 Method
5 Research Goals
6 Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
A Study on the Human and the Automation in Automated Driving: Getting to Know Each Other
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Automated and Cooperative Driving
2.1 Vehicle Guidance
2.2 Levels of Assistance and Automation
2.3 Cooperative Guidance and Control
3 Addressed Use Cases and Experimental Data
3.1 Driving Situation
3.2 Experimental Data
4 Assessing the Driver's Intention Using Neural Networks
4.1 Theoretical Background
4.2 A Neural Network for Cooperative Guidance and Control
4.3 Finding an Optimal Network
5 Results
6 Discussion and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
How Automation Level and System Reliability Influence Driver Performance in a Cut-In Situation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Experimental Setup and Realization
2.2 Hypothesis and Parameters
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Looking at Drivers and Passengers to Inform Automated Driver State Monitoring of In and Out of the Loop
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Participants
2.2 Driving Route
2.3 Procedures
2.4 Apparatus
2.5 Eye-Tracking Data Measurement/Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Saccade Amplitude
3.2 Eye Blinks
3.3 Eccentricity
4 Discussion/Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Taxonomy of Traffic Situations for the Interaction between Automated Vehicles and Human Road Users
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Communication
2.1 Explicit Communication
2.2 Implicit Communication
3 Approaches to Cluster Traffic Situations
4 Taxonomy of Traffic Situations for the Interaction between Automated Vehicles and Human Road Users
5 Application
6 Limitations
7 Conclusion
References
Effect of Warning Levels on Drivers' Decision-Making with the Self-driving Vehicle System
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Experiment Design
2.3 Experiment Equipment
2.4 Experiment Procedures
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 The Non-takeover Rate
3.2 The Average Decision Time
3.3 The Average Speed
3.4 The Lateral Offset
4 Summary and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Does Shifting Between Conditionally and Partially Automated Driving Lead to a Loss of Mode Awareness?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Apparatus
2.1 Simulation and Vehicle Automation
2.2 Non-driving-Related Tasks
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Human-Machine Interface
2.5 Dependent and Independent Variables
3 Results
4 Discussion
4.1 Effect of Mode Transition on Mode Awareness
4.2 Effect of Different HMI Concepts on Mode Awareness
5 Summary
References
Information Expectations in Highly and Fully Automated Vehicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Participants
2.2 Study Design
2.3 Facilities and Traffic Scenarios
2.4 Measures
2.5 Procedure and Participant Instructions
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
Obtaining Design Requirements from the Public Understanding of Driverless Technology
Abstract
1 Background and Motivation
2 Methodology
2.1 Semi-structured Interviews
2.2 Two Focus Groups
2.3 The Interpreted Outcomes Analysis
2.4 The Concepts and Requirements Insights
3 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Manual Takeover and Handover of a Simulated Fully Autonomous Vehicle Within Urban and Extra-Urban Se ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Implications
Acknowledgements
References
Road and Rail: Infrastructure and Road Safety
Driving Performance, Adaptation, and Cognitive Workload Costs of Logo Panel Detection as Mediated by ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Aging and Driving
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Hypotheses
2 Methodology
2.1 Prior Study
2.2 Apparatus
2.3 Participants
2.4 Experimental Design
2.5 Procedures
2.6 Statistical Data Analyses
3 Result
3.1 Adaptation Behavior
3.2 Driving Performance
3.3 Cognitive Workload
3.4 Correlation Analysis
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Comparison Between Young Male Drivers' Self-assessed and Objectively Measured Driving Skills
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Equipment and Materials
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Data Preparation and Analysis
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Identification of Criteria for Drivers' State Detection
Abstract
1 Introduction and Theoretical Background
2 Possible Drivers' States
2.1 Definition of Involvement Levels
2.2 Definition of Minimal Requirements for Drivers' Involvement
3 Criteria for Drivers' State Detection
3.1 Initial Experimental Study
4 Summary and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
A Real Case-Based Study Exploring Influence of Human Age and Gender on Drivers' Behavior and Traffic Safety
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Methodology
3 Survey Results Description
3.1 Demographics of Participants
3.2 Driving Behaviors Analysis
3.3 Crash History Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Driving Behavior Versus Gender
4.2 Driving Behavior Versus Age
4.3 Correlation Analysis: Driving Behavior Versus Injury Severity
4.4 Correlation Analysis: Driving Behavior Versus Car Damage Severity
5 Implications and Conclusion
References
Verification of Installed Position of LED Block Equipped with Projections to Indicate Travel Direction
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experiment Conditions
2.1 LED Block with Direction Location
2.2 Experiment Method
2.3 Experiment Procedure
3 Experiment Result
4 Considerations
5 Conclusions
References
Do End Users Really Have a Place in the Design Arena When Safe Design Is Critical?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 End-User Participation
3.2 The End-User Contribution
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Seat Belts Unfastened: Non-seat Belt Use in the Czech Republic
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Design
2.2 Methods
2.3 Sample
3 Results
3.1 Descriptive Statistics
3.2 Model Predicting Non-seat Belt Use
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
The Effect of See-Through Truck on Driver Monitoring Patterns and Responses to Critical Events in Truck Platooning
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Apparatus
2.3 Two-Truck Platooning System
2.4 Experimental Design and Test Procedure
2.5 Dependent Variables
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Gaze Behavior
3.2 Response to the Critical Event
4 Conclusion and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Road and Rail: Vulnerable Road Users
Driver-Cyclist Interaction Under Different Bicycle Crossroad Configurations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Road Scenario
2.2 Apparatus
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Participants
3 Data Processing
4 Data Analysis and Results
4.1 Drivers' Initial Speed
4.2 Distance from the Bicycle Crossroad Where the Yielding Maneuver Begins
4.3 Drivers' Minimum Speed
4.4 Distance from the Bicycle Crossroad Where the Yielding Maneuver Ends
4.5 Average Deceleration Rate
4.6 Outcomes of the Questionnaire
5 Discussion
5.1 Effects of the Countermeasures
5.2 Effects of the Cyclist Condition
6 Conclusions
References
Operational and Safety Analysis of Signage and Pavement Marking Treatments in Puerto Rico Dynamic Toll Lane Using a Driving Simulator
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Objective
3 Hypothesis
4 Methodology
4.1 Literature Review
4.2 Experimental Design
4.3 Development of Scenarios
4.4 Subject Drivers
4.5 Data Collection
4.6 Analysis of Results
4.7 Conclusions
4.8 Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Is the Driving Behaviour of Young Novices and Young Experienced Drivers Under Alcohol Linked to Their Perceived Effort and Alertness?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Protocol
3 Results
3.1 Effect of Alcohol
3.2 Effect of Experience
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Injury Severity Analysis in Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Prior Studies on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crash Injury Severity
3 Data Description
4 Injury Severity Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Road and Rail: Driving Simulation and Test Track
Motion Sickness Measurements for Young Male Adults in Vitality, Endurance, Profiles and Sensitivity
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Subjects
2.2 Procedure
2.3 Equipment
2.4 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Modeling the Real World Using STISIM Drive® Simulation Software: A Study Contrasting High and Low Lo ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Equipment
2.3 Questionnaires
2.4 Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Immersion and Presence
3.2 Workload
3.3 Speed Profiles
3.4 Lessons Learnt and Future Work
3.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
What Driving Abilities Do Racing Video Games Stimulate? Rating the Levels of Realism Experienced in Commercial Racing Video Games
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Rating the Driving Experience
2 Methods
2.1 Sample
2.2 Driving Experience Analysis - Rating Grid (DEA-RG)
2.3 Calculation
3 Results
3.1 Environmental Realism
3.2 Driving Realism
3.3 Accident Realism
3.4 Overall Driving Experience Realism
4 Discussion
References
Multivariate Differences in Driver Workload: Test Track Versus On-Road Driving
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Factor Analysis
2.1 Hidden Structure - On Road Data
2.2 Hidden Structure - Test Track Data
3 Driver Workload: Test Track Versus On-Road Driving
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Road and Rail: Eco-Driving
Range Makes All the Difference? Weighing up Range, Charging Time and Fast-Charging Network Density as Key Drivers for the Acceptance of Battery Electric Vehicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work and Questions Addressed
3 Methodology
3.1 Questionnaire Design and Conjoint Analysis
3.2 Data Acquisition and Analysis
3.3 Sample
4 Results
4.1 Relative Importance of Charging Network Attributes
4.2 Choice Simulations
4.3 BEV Experience
5 Discussion and Conclusion
6 Limitations and Further Research
Acknowledgements
References
Fast-Charging Stations or Conventional Gas Stations: Same Difference? - Variations of Preferences and Requirements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Questions Addressed
3 Methodology
3.1 Questionnaire Design
3.2 Data Acquisition, Preparation and Analysis
4 Sample
5 Results
5.1 Contrasting Gas Stations and Charging Stations
5.2 Requirements on Fast-Charging Stations
6 Discussion and Conclusion
7 Limitations and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Fuzzy Logic Based Merging Gap Acceptance Model Incorporating Driving Styles and Drivers' Personalities
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Fuzzy Logic Based Model with Drivers' Personalities
3 Model Calibration and Validation
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Road and Rail: Rail Passengers
Providing Improved Crowding Information to Provide Benefits for Rail Passengers and Operators
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology: Stated Preference Surveys
3 Analysis of Stated Preference Surveys
3.1 Willingness to Wait for a Later Train
3.2 Carriage Choice
4 Use of Data to Provide Crowding Information
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
User Experience Evaluation on Ticket Gage of Subway Station: A Repertory Grid Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Methods
3.1 An Overview of User Experience Evaluation Methods
3.2 Repertory Grid Technique (RGT)
3.3 An Example Study Using RGT: User Experience Evaluation on Ticket Gate of Subway Station
4 Results
4.1 Elements Selection
4.2 Constructs Elicitation
4.3 Analysis of Repertory Grid Data
4.4 Interpretations and Presentation of the Result
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
A Study on Quantitative Evaluation of Relationship Between Longitudinal Shock and Ride Comfort by Tr ...
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Study Structure
2 Analysis of Braking Patterns
3 Construction of an Evaluation Method
3.1 Experiment I: Evaluation of One-Step Braking
3.2 Experiment II: Evaluation of the Three Stages of Various Braking Patterns
3.3 Study of an Evaluation Method Based on an Ordinal Scale, for All 40 Braking Patterns
4 Conclusion
References
Guidelines for Electronic Systems Designed for Aiding the Visually Impaired People in Metro Networks
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Previous Work
4 Development
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Road and Rail: Public Transport
A Comparison of Auditory and Visual in-Vehicle Stop Signals in Philippine Public Road-Based Transportation
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Rationale
2 Problem Statement
3 Review of Related Literature
3.1 Sources of Distraction and Signal Perception
3.2 Auditory Displays and the Design of an Alarm Signal
3.3 Visual Displays and Light
4 Methodology
4.1 Determination of Signals
4.2 Participants
4.3 Set-up and Calibration
4.4 Procedure
4.5 Summary and Analysis of Data
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Significance of the Type of Signal
5.2 Pairwise Comparisons
6 Conclusion
7 Areas for Further Study
References
Measuring Mobility and Transport Services: The METPEX Project
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Metpex
3.1 Method
3.2 Higher Level Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
From Task Analysis to Innovation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Physical and Cognitive Tasks
3 Technical Solution vs Acceptable Workload
4 Solution Design
5 Tests with Drivers
5.1 Methodology
5.2 Head-Up Display with Speed
5.3 Head-Up Display with Speed and Eco-Drive Information
6 Conclusions
References
Road and Rail: Driving Automation and Human Factors Issues
Three Driver and Operator Behaviour Models in the Context of Automated Driving - Identification of Issues from Human Actor Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Human Behavioral Models
2.1 Motivational Theories
2.2 The Human as the Information Processor
2.3 Practice Theory Approach and Core Task Model
3 Method
3.1 Procedure
3.2 Definition of Automation Scenarios and Use Cases
4 Findings of Human Issues in Automated Driving
4.1 Summary - A List of Issues Identified
5 Discussions
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
The Right Moment for Braking as Informal Communication Signal Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians in Crossing Situations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Results
4 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Older Drivers and Driving Automation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Road Transport System and the Older Driver
2.1 The Road Transport System as a Safety Critical System
2.2 Older Drivers
3 Autonomous Vehicles and Driving Automation
3.1 The Long Run Towards Driving Automation
3.2 Levels of Automation
3.3 The Older Driver and Driving Automation
4 Final Remarks
References
Road and Rail: Rail Safety and Design
A Comparison of Three Systemic Accident Analysis Methods Using 46 SPAD (Signals Passed at Danger) Incidents
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
2 Method
3 Results
3.1 Incident Factor Classification System
3.2 AcciMap
3.3 Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Understanding Railway Employees' Perceptions of Senior Managers' Safety Commitment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Unique Influence of Senior Managers
3 Signaling Theory
4 Method
4.1 Participants
4.2 Materials and Measures
4.3 Procedure
4.4 Qualitative Analysis
5 Results
5.1 Themes
6 Discussion
6.1 Study Purpose
6.2 Answering the Research Question
6.3 Practical Implications
6.4 Study Limitations and Conclusion
References
Proposal of Ergonomic Intervention in Horizontal Traffic Signaling
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Cognitive Ergonomics and Traffic Signs
1.2 The Anamorphosis - Definition and Constructive Principles
2 Development and Results
3 Conclusion
References
Road and Rail: Transportation Logistics
Collective Cars in Cities: Optimal Management in Real Time Through DES Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 System Approach - Study Scope
3 Building Data
4 Performance Measurement
4.1 Network Statistics
4.2 Client Waiting Time
4.3 Client Abandonment Rate
4.4 Quality of Service
4.5 Vehicle Occupancy
4.6 Vehicle Activity
5 Discussion-Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Human Factors in the Design of Automated Transport Logistics
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Technology Acceptance Models
2.2 Learnings from Human Factors Engineering
3 Eliciting Relevant Automated Transport Logistics Scenarios
3.1 Exploring the Field in a World Café Setting
3.2 Detailing Scenarios in Semi-Structured Interviews
4 Examining the Role of Technology Acceptance Within the Gained Transportation Logistics Scenarios
4.1 Technology Acceptance Aspects Discussed Within the World Café
4.2 Technology Acceptance Aspects Observed in the Interviews
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Erratum to: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation
Erratum to: N.A. Stanton (ed.), Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 597, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60441-1
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