Dietary therapy has always been important to medical practice even if it has more often been sacramental than physiological in effect. "You are what you eat" meant a lot to primitive tribes whose new leader had to eat part of his predecessor, and giving diets brought out the priest in the physician even if he or she had heard that "nothing that enters into a man defiles a man. " What people eat began to take on new meaning, however, a generation ago when Schoenheimer and others made clear that body fat and muscle protein were not the sluggish unchanging masses they had appeared but instead were store houses of energy and material influenced by food, activity, and metabolic pro cesses. Fiber, or residue as it was then still called, however, seemed unimpor tant; even the gastroenterologist concerned with keeping the bowels open by three cooked fruits, three cooked vegetables, and twelve glasses of water each day sometimes felt like a shaman if his cure for constipation worked. Nobody any longer read Arbuthnot Lane's charming Victorian book, The Way Out, which placed the blame for most human ailments on constipation; Lane even removed the bowel to cure the costive ills. Burkitt revived a scientific interest in fiber and the possible connection between diet. constipation, and many physical disorders by observing the vol ume and frequency of stools on an African diet and on an English diet.
Reihe
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
16
16 s/w Abbildungen
XX, 300 p. 16 illus.
Dateigröße
ISBN-13
978-1-4615-9176-4 (9781461591764)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-9176-4
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Effect of Fiber on Colon Function.- I. Introduction.- II. Physicochemical Effects of Fiber.- III. Metabolism of Dietary Fiber in the Colon.- IV. Effect of Dietary Fiber Metabolism on Colon function.- V. Effect of Fiber on Stool Weight.- VI. Summary.- References.- 2. The Measurement of Intestinal Transit Time.- I. Introduction.- II. Physiological Relationships.- III. Methods of Measuring Gastrointestinal Transit.- IV. Transit in Relation to Other Functions.- V. Conclusions.- References.- 3. Dietary Fiber in Diverticular Disease of the Colon.- I. Introduction.- II. Fiber Intake and the Prevalence of Diverticular Disease.- III. Diverticular Disease: Pathogenesis and the Effect of Fiber.- IV. Fiber Depletion Studies in Animals.- V. Treatment of Diverticular Disease with Dietary Fiber.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 4. Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Structure and Function of the Small Intestine.- I. Introduction.- II. Dietary Effects on Small-Bowel Structure.- III. Dietary Effects on Small-Bowel Microbiology.- IV. Relationship between Intestinal Flora and Mucosal Structure and Function.- V. Summary.- References.- 5. Colon Cancer: The Emergence of a Concept.- I. Epidemiological Features.- II. The High-Fat, Low-Fiber Hypothesis.- References.- 6. Experimental Animal Studies in Colonic Carcinogenesis and Dietary Fiber.- I. Introduction.- II. General Concepts and Rationale.- III. Experimental Colonic Neoplasia: The Model.- IV. Studies with Dietary Fiber in Experimental Colonic Neoplasia.- V. Future Directions and Mechanisms of Fiber Action.- VI. Conclusion.- References.- 7. Epidemiology of Colon Cancer: Fiber, Fats, Fallacies, and Facts.- I. Introduction.- II. Disease Distribution.- III. Correlational Studies.- IV. Case-Control Studies.- References.- 8. Dietary Fiber and Lipid Metabolism: An Update.- I. Introduction.- II. Working Hypothesis.- III. Evaluation of Hypothesis.- V. Conclusions.- References.- 9. Dietary Fiber: Effects on Plasma and Biliary Lipids in Man.- I. Introduction.- II. Epidemiological Studies.- III. Clinical Studies.- IV. Mechanisms.- V. Clinical Significance of Dietary Fibers.- References.- 10. Dietary Fiber and Carbohydrate Metabolism.- I. Introduction.- II. Dietary Fiber and Carbohydrate Tolerance Tests.- III. Fiber Foods and Fiber Pharmacology.- IV. Mechanisms of Action of Fiber in Relation to Carbohydrate Metabolism.- V. Prerequisites for Maximum Effectiveness.- VI. General Considerations.- VII. Conclusion.- References.- 11. Dietary Fiber and Diabetes.- I. Introduction.- II. Short-Term Effects of Fiber.- III. Long-Term Effects of Fiber.- IV. Proposed Mechanisms.- V. Therapeutic Use of High-Fiber Diets.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- 12. Food Intake Regulation and Fiber.- I. Introduction.- II. Work and Rate of Ingestion.- III. Energy Density.- IV. Satiety.- V. Long-Term Studies.- VI. Insulin Release and the Rate and Site of Nutrient Absorption.- VII. Fecal Energy Loss.- VIII. Epidemiological Evidence.- IX. Animal Obesity.- X. Palatability.- XI. Fiber and Treatment of Obesity.- XII. Summary.- References.- 13. Dietary Fiber and Mineral Absorption.- I. Introduction.- II. Calcium Absorption and Calcium Balance.- III. Dietary Fiber and Zinc Status.- IV. Dietary Fiber and Iron Absorption.- V. Conclusions.- References.- 14. Sources and Intakes of Dietary Fiber in Man.- I. Introduction.- II. Fiber Intakes and Sources.- III. Long-Term Trends in Fiber Intake.- IV. Effects of Social Class.- V. Seasonal Variation.- VI. Individual Variation.- VII. Conclusions.- References.
