Notations and Symbols

A :

area of a surface or an interface.

:

affinity.

A, B, :

components of a mixture.

C :

concentration.

Ci :

molar concentration (or molarity) of component i.

CV, CP :

specific heat capacity at constant volume and constant pressure, respectively.

c :

number of independent components.

deS :

entropy exchange with the outside environment.

diS :

internal entropy production.

d? :

elementary volume.

E :

energy of the system.

Eb :

balance equation.

(E) :

mean total energy of an element in the canonical ensemble.

EC :

total energy of the canonical ensemble.

EI :

potential energy due to interactions.

Ej :

energy of an element j of the canonical ensemble.

E0 :

standard emf of an electrochemical cell.

:

set of variables with p intensive variables chosen to define a system.

F :

Helmholtz energy.

:

molar excess Helmholtz energy.

:

partial molar excess Helmholtz energy of component i.

:

partial molar mixing Helmholtz energy of component i.

:

free energy, partial molar Helmholtz energy of component i.

Fm :

molar Helmholtz energy.

fi :

fugacity of the component i in a gaseous mixture.

:

molar Helmholtz energy of pure component i.

:

fugacity of a pure gas i.

:

Faraday (unit).

:

excess Gibbs energy.

:

electrochemical Gibbs energy.

:

partial excess molar Gibbs energy of component i.

G, , [G] :

Gibbs energy, partial molar Gibbs energy of i, generalized Gibbs energy.

Gm :

molar Gibbs energy.

:

molar Gibbs energy of mixing.

g :

degeneracy coefficient or multiplicity coefficient or statistical weight.

:

molar Gibbs energy of pure component i.

gi :

coefficient of multiplicity of state i.

g* :

molar Gibbs energy of gas i at pressure of 1 atmosphere in a mixture.

:

standard molar enthalpy of formation at temperature T.

H, :

enthalpy, partial molar enthalpy of i.

H :

Hamiltonian.

:

magnetic field.

:

molar excess enthalpy.

:

molar mixing enthalpy.

:

partial excess molar enthalpy of component i.

:

partial molar mixing enthalpy of component i.

h :

Planck's constant.

:

molar enthalpy of pure component i.

I, I1, I2, I3 :

moments of inertia.

II :

integral of configuration of the canonical partition function of translation.

:

partial molar value of J relative to component i.

:

mixing value of J relative to component i.

:

partial molar mixing value of J relative to component i.

:

value of J relative to component i in a perfect solution.

:

partial molar value of J relative to component i in a perfect solution.

:

value of J for the pure component i in the same state of segregation.

j :

rotational quantum number.

:

thermodynamic coefficient associated with the set of variables Xj is its definition variable and Yi its definition function.

:

constant of change of equilibrium for phase transition Tr for component i.

K(c) :

equilibrium constant relative to concentrations.

K(f) :

equilibrium constant relative to fugacity values.

K(P) :

equilibrium constant relative to partial pressure values.

K :

equilibrium constant.

kB :

Boltzmann's constant.

Lt :

latent heat accompanying transformation t.

M :

molar mass.

m :

total mass.

mi :

mass of component i.

N :

number of components of a solution or a mixture of gases or involved in a reaction or number of molecules of a collection.

Na :

Avogadro's number.

NA :

number of molecules of component A.

NC :

number of elements in the canonical ensemble.

ni :

number of objects i in the system with energy ei or number of moles of component i.

n :

translational quantum number or total number of moles in a solution or a mixture.

n(a) :

total number of moles in a phase a.

P :

pressure of a gas.

:

sublimating vapor pressure of component i.

:

saturating vapor pressure of component i.

Pc :

critical pressure.

Pi :

partial pressure of component i.

p :

number of external physical variables.

Q :

heat involved.

QP :

heat of transformation at constant pressure.

Q(P) :

reaction quotient in terms of partial pressures.

Q(I) :

m reaction quotient of a transformation in reference state (I).

QV :

transformation heat at constant volume.

:

reaction rate.

R :

perfect gas constant.

rA :

radius of the ionic atmosphere.

r0 :

minimum energy gap between two molecules.

:

molar mixing entropy.

:

partial excess molar entropy of component i.

:

partial mixing molar entropy of component i.

S :

oversaturation of a solution.

Si, :

entropy or partial molar entropy of i.

:

electrochemical entropy.

:

excess molar entropy.

:

molar entropy of pure component i.

T :

temperature

:

critical temperature of the mixture.

Tc :

critical temperature.

TF :

Fermi temperature.

:

boiling point of pure i.

:

fusion (melting) point of pure i.

T(sub) :

sublimation temperature.

T(vap) :

vaporization temperature.

T(?a) :

phase-change temperature.

:

excess molar internal energy.

:

mixing molar internal energy.

:

excess partial molar internal energy of component i.

:

partial mixing molar internal energy of component i.

U, Ui :

internal energy, partial molar internal energy of i.

:

internal electrochemical energy.

Um :

molar internal energy.

UR :

crosslink internal energy.

:

molar internal energy of pure component i.

V, :

M volume, partial molar volume of i.

Vc :

critical volume.

VG :

Gibbs variance.

Vm :

molar volume.

vD :

Duhem variance.

:

molar volume of pure component i.

v :

quantum vibration number.

vm :

molecular volume.

vM :

molar volume of solid at melting point.

wi :

mass fraction of component i.

wij :

energy of exchange between atoms i and j.

:

molar fraction of component k in phase a.

x, y, z :

coordinates of a point in space.

xi :

molar fraction of component i in a solution.

<y> :

mean value of y.

Yi and Xi :

conjugal intensive and extensive values.

yi :

molar fraction of component i in a gaseous phase.

ZAB :

molecular partition function of interaction between molecules.

ZC :

canonical partition function.

ZC(A) :

canonical partition function of component A.

ZC(I) :

canonical partition function of interaction.

ZC(t) :

canonical partition function of translation.

z :

molecular partition function.

ze :

electron molecular partition function or electrovalence of ion i.

zint :

contribution of internal motions to...