Islam

List of Illustrations.
Foreword.
Preface.
Preface to the First Edition.
Maps.
1 Many Paths to One God: Establishing the Ideals.
The Quran.
The Quran and Other Scriptures.
Themes of the Quran.
The Exemplary Life of Muhammad, Prophet of Islam: The Sunna.
The Early Muslim Community and the Pillars of Islam.
The Successors ("Caliphs").
Early Communal Disputes.
Conclusion.
2 The Pursuit of Knowledge in the Service of God andHumanity: The Golden Age.
Institutions.
Law.
Political Structure.
Cultural Achievements.
Spirituality and the Mystical Tradition: Sufism.
Conclusion.
3 Division and Reorganization.
The Crusades and Other Disasters.
The Decline of the Abbasids and Rise of the Ottomans.
Persia: The Safavid Empire.
India and the Rise of the Mughals.
Understanding Developments in Islamic History.
Conclusion.
4 Colonialism and Reform.
Colonialism.
The Outcome of World War I.
The Effects of Colonialism: The Challenge of Islamic Reform.
Themes of Islamic Reform: Personal Initiative and SocialSolidarity.
Themes of Islamic Reform: Ijtihad.
Themes of Islamic Reform: Commitment to Learning.
Conclusion.
5 Obstacles and Prospects for Islamic Reform.
Obstacles: The Impact of Colonialism.
Prospects for the Future.
Islam, Human Rights, and Democracy.
Islam among World Religions.
Notes.
Further Reading.
Source Acknowledgments.
Index.