Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres

List of TablesForewordTranslator's PrefaceList of SymbolsChapter 1. Basic Equations 1.1. The Scattering of Light by an Elementary Volume 1.2. The Equation of Radiative Transfer 1.3. The Basic Problem 1.4. Integral Equations for the Source Function 1.5 The Diffuse Radiation Field 1.6. The Case of Pure Scattering 1.7. Methods for Solving the Problem ReferencesChapter 2. Semi-infinite Atmospheres 2.1. The Radiation Field in Deep Layers (Relative Intensity of Radiation) 2.2. Diffuse Reflection of Light 2.3. Diffuse Transmission of Light 2.4. The Radiation Field in Deep Layers (Absolute Intensity) 2.5. The Atmospheric Albedo for Small True Absorption 2.6. Other Quantities in the Case of Small True Absorption ReferencesChapter 5. Atmospheres of Finite Optical Thickness 3.1. Diffuse Reflection and Transmission of Light 3.2. Dependence of the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients on Optical Thickness 3.3. Atmospheres of Large Optical Thickness 3.4. Asymptotic Formulas for the Auxiliary Functions 3.5. Inhomogeneous Atmospheres ReferencesChapter 4. Atmospheres Overlying a Reflecting Surface 4.1. Basic Equations 4.2. The Case of Isotropic Reflection 4.3. The Albedo of the Atmosphere and Illumination of the Surface 4.4. The Spherical Albedo of a Planet 4.5. Specular Reflection of Light ReferencesChapter 5. General Theory 5.1. Transformation of the Basic Integral Equation 5.2. The Auxiliary Equation 5.3. The Function Hm(¿) 5.4. The Fundamental Function ¿m(t) 5.5. Particular Cases ReferencesChapter 6. General Theory (continued) 6.1. Expression of the Source Function in Terms of Auxiliary Functions 6.2. The Fundamental Function ¿m(t, t0) 6.3. The Xm(¿, t0 ) and Ym(¿, t0) Functions 6.4. Particular Cases 6.5. Equations Containing Derivatives with Respect to r 0 6.6 Atmospheres of Large Optical Thickness ReferencesChapter 7. Linear Integral Equations for the Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 7.1. Semi-infinite Atmosphere 7.2. The Radiation Intensity Averaged over Azimuth 7.3. Expressions in Terms of the Functions Hm(¿) 7.4. The Case of a Three-term Phase Function 7.5. Numerical Results 7.6. Atmospheres of Finite Optical Thickness 7.7. Expressions in Terms of the Functions Xm(¿) and Ym(¿) 7.8. The Case of a Two-term Phase Function ReferencesChapter 8. Approximate Formulas 8 1. The Use of Integral Relations 8.2. Some Inequalities 8.3. Similarity Relations 8.4. Directional Averaging of the Radiation Intensity 8.5. The Case of Pure Scattering 8.6. The Effect of the Reflection of Light by a Surface 8.7. The Radiation Field for Highly Anisotropic Scattering ReferencesChapter 9. The Radiation Emerging from a Planet 9.1. The Distribution of Brightness Across a Planetary Disc 9.2. Dependence of the Planetary Brightness on Phase Angle 9.3. Planetary Spectra for Different Points on the Disc 9.4. Planetary Spectra for Different Phase Angles 9.5. Polarization of Light from a Planet ReferencesChapter 10. Optical Properties of Planetary Atmospheres 10.1. Interpretation of the Photometric Observations of Venus 10.2. Interpretation of the Polarimetric Observations of Venus 10.3. The Atmosphere of the Earth 10.4. The Atmosphere of Mars 10.5. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets References AddendumChapter 11. Spherical Atmospheres 11.1. The Integral Equation for the Source Function in the Case of Isotropic Scattering 11.2. The Basic Equations for Anisotropic Scattering 11.3. Solution of the Equations in Particular Cases 11.4. The Case of an Absorption Coefficient Exponentially Decreasing with Altitude 11.5.