1 (1860-1885) Willem Einthoven's ancestors. Early childhood at Semarang; school-days and medical training at Utrecht.- 2 (1886-1900) Scientific orientation and self-study at Leiden. Gradual concentration on electrophysiology in particular of the heart, using Lippmann's capillary electrometer.- 3 (1901-1915) The string galvanometer and its applications; development of electrocardiography.- 4 (1916-1927) Ultimate improvement of the string galvanometer; its achievements and limitations. Einthoven's American lecture tour and Nobel Prize. Survey of electrocardiography completed during final illness.- 5 Willem Einthoven and his relatives, friends and personally acquainted scientists. Part I: Selected Dutch correspondence: Donders, Bosscha, Lorentz, Julius, Wenckebach, de Vogel, W.F. Einthoven, de Waart.- 6 Willem Einthoven's correspondence with personally acquainted colleagues. Part II: Selected correspondence in English and German: Fahr, Waller, Lewis, Wilson, Samojloff, A.V. Hill, Wiggers. Review of their papers on Einthoven.- 7 Additional evaluations of Einthoven's work (by not personally acquainted authors) including Johansson (chairman Nobel Prize Committee) together with comments on Klaus and Nicolai; furthermore Burch and De Pasquale; Katz and Hellerstein; Shapiro; Cooper (Sections 1 and 4-7). Some correspondence and arrangements concerning production of the string galvanometer in particular with Edelmann and Ebert together with a comparison of Einthoven's work to that of Ader (Sections 2 and 3).- Concluding remarks.- References.