The phenomenon of electrical conductance in liquids is of great impor tance to the technologist, as well as to the theoretical scientist. A glance at Chemical Abstracts will reveal that electrical conductivity can be used as an analytical tool for such diverse substances as concrete and suntan lotion as well as a tool for elucidating the dynamics of molecules in simple liquids. It is a phenomenon that is relatively easily measured, which explains the great diversity of conductance studies that span a range of experimental conditions unequalled in the study of nonequilibrium phenomena. It is clearly impossible for one book, notwithstanding the ability of one author, to cope with so much information or to cover even a significant fraction of the literature on this subject. However, I believe it is possible to bring together in one monograph the mainstream ideas on the interpretation of the phenomenon in relatively simple systems. It is hoped that this book will achieve this result and will provide a concise and coherent account of the interpretation of ionic conductivity in dilute electrolyte solutions, concentrated solutions, low-temperature or glass-forming molten salts, ionic melts, molecular fluids, and fluids of geological and industrial inter est. Most of these topics have been discussed in other books and review articles, but to the best of my knowledge they have not been gathered together in a single monograph.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4684-3818-5 (9781468438185)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-3818-5
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Introduction and Definitions.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Electrical Conductivity.- 1.3. Diffusion and Viscosity.- 1.4. The Stokes-Einstein and Nernst-Einstein Relations.- 2. Ionic Conductivity in Dilute Electrolyte Solutions.- 2.1. Concentration Dependence of Conductivity of Dilute Electrolyte Solutions-Introduction.- 2.2. The Concentration Dependence of Conductivity at High Pressure and Moderate Temperatures.- 2.3. The Concentration Dependence of Conductivity at High Pressure and Temperature.- 2.4. The Effect of Pressure on Electrical Conductivity at Ambient Temperatures.- 2.5. The Effect of Pressure on the Conductivity of Electrolyte Solutions at High Temperatures and Pressures.- 2.6. Excess H+ and OH- Mobility in Aqueous Solutions.- 2.7. The Limiting Ionic Conductivity of Ions in Solution.- 3. Ionic Conductivity in Low-Temperature Molten Salts and Concentrated Solutions.- 3.1. The Transition from Dilute Solutions to Molten Salts.- 3.2. Composition Dependence of Conductance in Concentrated Solutions and Low-Temperature Molten Salts.- 3.3. Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Conductance in Concentrated Solutions and Low-Temperature Molten Salts.- 3.4. Electrical Relaxation in Glass-Forming Molten Salts.- 4. Electrical Conductivity in Ionic Liquids at High Temperatures.- 4.1. The Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Electrical Conductivity in Ionic Liquids.- 4.2. Theories for Electrical Conductivity in Ionic Melts.- 5. Ionic Conductivity in Molecular Liquids and Partially Ionized Molten Salts.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. The Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Conductivity.- 5.3. Conclusions.- 6. Electrical Conductivity in Liquids of Geological and Industrial Interest.- 6.1. Geological Liquids.- 6.2. Industrial Electrolytes.- References.
