A Note on Abbreviations and References

The footnotes and the references to literature are not meant as scholarly documentation of my narrative and theses, but rather as pointers for the interested reader to literature for further information. Some books and studies are relevant for more than one chapter of the book; they are listed here below once and for all, under the abbreviated title used in all references to them. After each chapter, more literature relevant for that chapter is listed. Some studies referred to once are listed with full details in the notes only. In references to rabbinic literature, TB means the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli), TJ means Talmud Jerushalmi, the Jerusalem or so-called Palestinian Talmud. M is Mishnah. Other abbreviations should be self-explanatory or are explained in the general bibliography.

General Literature

Ådna/Kvalbein, Mission of the Early Church: Ådna, Jostein and Hans Kvalbein, eds. The Mission of the Early Church to Jews and Gentiles. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 127. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2000.

Alon, The Jews 1-2: Alon, Gedalyahu. The Jews in Their Land in the Talmudic Age (70-640 C.E.). 2 vols. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1980, 1984.

Alon, Studies: Alon, Gedalyahu. Jews, Judaism and the Classical World: Studies in Jewish History in the Times of the Second Temple and Talmud. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1977.

Barclay/Sweet, Early Christian Thought: Barclay, John and John Sweet, eds. Early Christian Thought in Its Jewish Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Borgen, Early Christianity: Borgen, Peder. Early Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.

Cohen, Jewishness: Cohen, Shaye J. D. The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press, 1999.

Cohen, Maccabees to Mishnah: Cohen, Shaye J. D. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Library of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1987.

Compendia 1:1 etc.:

1:1-2: Safrai, Shmuel and Menachem Stern, eds. The Jewish People in the First Century. 2 vols. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum Section One, 2 vols. Assen: Van Gorcum/ Philadelphia: Fortress, 1974, 1976.

2:1-3: Safrai, Shmuel, et al., eds. The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud. 3 vols. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum Section Two, 3 vols. Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum/Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984-1989.

The individual volumes:

Compendia 2:1: Mulder, J. and H. Sysling, eds. Miqra: Reading, Translation and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Assen: Van Gorcum/Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.

Compendia 2:2: Stone, Michael E., ed. Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus. Assen: Van Gorcum/Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.

Compendia 2:3.1: Safrai, Shmuel and Peter J. Tomson, eds. The Literature of the Sages. Vol. 1: Oral Torah, Halakha, Mishna, Tosefta, Talmud, External Tractates. Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum/ Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Compendia 2:3.2: Safrai, Shmuel, ed. The Literature of the Sages. Vol. 2: Midrash, Aggada, Midrash Collections, Targum, Prayer. Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum/Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989.

Conzelmann, Gentiles: Conzelmann, Hans. Gentiles-Jews-Christians: Polemics and Apologetics in the Greco-Roman Era. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1992 [German original: Heiden-Juden-Christen: Auseinandersetzungen in der Literatur der hellenistisch römischen Zeit. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1981].

Danby: Danby, Herbert. The Mishnah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933 [several reprints].

Daniélou, Theology of Jewish Christianity: Daniélou, Jean. The Theology of Jewish Christianity. The Development of Christian Doctrine Before the Council of Nicaea 1. London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1964.

Davies/Finkelstein, Judaism: Davies, W. D. and Louis Finkelstein, eds. The Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 2: The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Dix, Jew and Greek: Dix, Gregory. Jew and Greek: A Study in the Primitive Church. London: A. and C. Black, 1953 [reprint, Dacre Press Westminster, 1967].

Dunn, Jews and Christians: Dunn, James D. G., ed. Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways A.D. 70 to 135. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 66. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1992.

Dunn, Partings: Dunn, James D. G. The Partings of the Ways Between Christianity and Judaism and Their Significance for the Character of Christianity. London: SCM Press/Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1991.

Evans, Jesus and His Contemporaries: Evans, Craig A. Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies. Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums 25. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995.

Flusser, Judaism: Flusser, David. Judaism and the Origins of Christianity. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1988.

Frend, The Early Church: Frend, William H. C. The Early Church, Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.

Frend, Martyrdom and Persecution: Frend, William H. C. Martyrdom and Persecution in the Early Church: A Study of a Conflict from the Maccabees to Donatus. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1965 [reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1981].

Frend, The Rise of Christianity: Frend, William H. C. The Rise of Christianity. London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1984 [paperback ed. 1986].

Grabbe, Judaism: Grabbe, Lester L. An Introduction to First Century Judaism: Jewish Religion and History in the Second Temple Period. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.

Grant, Augustus to Constantine: Grant, Robert M. Augustus to Constantine: The Rise and Triumph of Christianity in the Roman World. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1970 [paperback ed. 1990].

Haase, Aufstieg: Haase, Wolfgang, ed. Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt. Vol. 2: Principat. Band 19-27. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1979-1993.

Harnack, Mission: Harnack, Adolf von. Die Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums in den ersten drei Jahrhunderten. 2 vols. 4th ed. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung, 1924.

Hengel, Judaism and Hellenism: Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in Their Encounter in Palestine During the Early Hellenistic Period. 2 vols. [in one vol.] London: SCM Press, 1981 [first English ed. in two vols. 1974].

Hengel, Kleine Schriften 1-2: Hengel, Martin. Judaica et Hellenistica: Kleine Schriften 1; Judaica, Hellenistica et Christiana: Kleine Schriften 2. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 90; 109. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1996, 1999.

Horbury, Jews and Christians: Horbury, William. Jews and Christians in Contact and Controversy. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1998.

Jocz, Jewish People: Jocz, Jacob. The Jewish People and Jesus Christ: The Relationship Between Church and Synagogue. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1979 [first ed. London: SPCK, 1949].

Lieu, Image: Lieu, Judith. Image and Reality: The Jews in the World of the Christians in the Second Century. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1996.

Lieu/North/Rajak, The Jews: Lieu, Judith; John North and Tessa Rajak, eds. The Jews Among Pagans and Christians in the Roman Empire. London: Routledge, 1992.

Meyers/Strange, Archaeology: Meyers, Eric M. and James F. Strange. Archaeology, the Rabbis, and Early Christianity: The Social and Historical Setting of Palestinian Judaism and Christianity. Nashville: Abingdon, 1981.

Mimouni, Judéo-christianisme: Mimouni, Simon Claude. Le judéo-christianisme ancien: Essais historiques. Patrimoines. Paris: Les éditions du Cerf, 1998

Murphy, Religious World: Murphy, Frederick J. The Religious World of Jesus: An Introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism. Nashville: Abingdon, 1991.

Neusner/Frerichs, To See: Neusner, Jacob and Ernest S. Frerichs, eds. "To See Ourselves as Others See Us": Christians, Jews, "Others" in Late Antiquity. Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1985.

New Schürer 1-3: Schürer, Emil. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135). Revised and edited by G. Vermes, F. Millar and M. Black. 3 vols. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1973-1987.

Parkes, Conflict: Parkes, James. The Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Antisemitism. London: Soncino Press, 1934 [reprint, New York: Hermon, 1974].

Rengstorf/Kortzfleisch, Kirche und Synagoge: Rengstorf, Karl Heinrich and Siegfried von Kortzfleisch, eds. Kirche und Synagoge: Handbuch zur Geschichte von Christen und Juden. Vol. 1. Stuttgart: Ernst Klett Verlag, 1968.

Rokeah, Conflict: Rokeah, David. Jews, Pagans and Christians in Conflict. Studia Post-Biblica 33. Leiden: E. J. Brill/Jerusalem: Magnes, 1982.

Rowland, Origins: Rowland, Christopher. Christian Origins: An Account of the Setting and...