Nanomaterials

PREFACE

LASERS: FUNDAMENTALS, TYPES, AND OPERATIONS
Introduction of Lasers
Types of Laser and Their Operations
Methods of Producing EUV/VUV, X-Ray Laser Beams
Properties of Laser Radiation
Modification in Basic Laser Structure

INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURES AT THE NANOSCALE
Origin and Historical Development
Introduction
Band Theory of Solids
Quantum Confinement
Defects and Imperfections
Metal, Semiconductor, and Insulator Nanomaterials
Various Synthesis Methods of Nanoscale Materials
Various Techniques of Materials Characterization
Self-Assembly and Induced Assembly, Aggregation, and Agglomeration of Nanoparticles
Applications of Lasers in Nanomaterial Synthesis, Modification, and Characterization
Summary and Future Prospects

PART I: Nanomaterials and Laser-Based Processing Techniques

LASER?MATTER INTERACTION
High-Intensity Femtosecond Laser Interactions with Gases and Clusters
Laser-Matter Interaction: Plasma and Nanomaterials Processing

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN GAS PHASE
Synthesis and Analysis of Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared by Laser Ablation of Metals in Vacuum
Synthesis of Nanostructures with Pulsed Laser Ablation in a Furnace
ZnO Nanowire and Its Heterostructures Grown with Nanoparticle-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition
Laser-Vaporization-Controlled Condensation for the Synthesis of Semiconductor, Metallic, and Bimetallic Nanocrystals and Nanoparticle Catalysts

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-INDUCED NANO/MICROFABRICATIONS
Direct Femtosecond Laser Nanostructuring and Nanopatterning on Metals
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: an Approach to Direct Write of Patterns in Film Form
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: Transfer of Micro-Nanomaterials on Substrate
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for the Fabrication of Devices

NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN LIQUID MEDIA
Liquid-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation/Irradiation for Generation of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Metal Compound Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Synthesis of Fourth Group (C, Si, and Ge) Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquids

PART II: Nanomaterials: Laser-Based Characterization Techniques

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS
Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in the Characterization of Devices
Effect of Particle Size Reduction on Raman Spectra

SIZE DETERMINATION OF NANOPARTICLES BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING
Introduction
General Principles of DLS (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy)
Particle Size Standards Applied to DLS
Unique DLS Instruments
Sample Characterization Using DLS Measurements of Nanoparticles
Result of DLS Characterization
Conclusion

PHOTOLUMNISCENCE/FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONS
Application of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy in the Characterizations of Nanomaterials
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials

PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Introduction
Instrumentation
Applications of PA Spectroscopy to the Nanomaterials

ULTRAFAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOMATERIALS
Introduction
Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
Other Multiple Wave Ultrafast Spectroscopic Techniques
Measurement of Charge Carrier Dynamics
Conclusion and Future Prospects

NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Influence of Laser Ablation Parameters on the Optical and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Colloidal Solution of Semiconductor Nanoparticles
High-Order Harmonic Generation in Silver-Nanoparticle-Contained Plasma
Studies of Low- and High-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 Nanoparticles
Results and Discussion
High-Order Harmonic Generation from the BaTiO3- and SrTiO3-Nanoparticle-Contained Laser Plumes
Conclusions
Acknowledgments

POLARIZATION AND SPACE-CHARGE PROFILING WITH LASER-BASED THERMAL TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations and Data Analys