The Semantic Web: Research and Applications

Name: The Semantic Web: Research and Applications | 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31, 2012, Proceedings
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9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 27-31, 2012, Proceedings

Elena Simperl Philipp Cimiano Axel Polleres Oscar Corcho Valentina Presutti(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 24. Mai 2012

XXI, 877 Seiten

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Inhalt

Title
Preface
Organization
Table of Contents
Invited Talks
Semantic Web/LD at a Crossroads: Into the Garbage Can or To Theory?
New Audiences for Ontologies: Dealing with Complexity in Business Processes
Bringing (Web) Databases to the Masses
Large Scale Learning at Twitter
Musubi: A Decentralized Mobile Social Web
Data Value Chain in Europe
Cutting through the Noise: How to Shape Public Perception, Frame the Debate and Effectively Engage Your Audience in the Digital Age
Linked Open Data Track
SPARQL for aWeb of Linked Data: Semantics and Computability
Introduction
Preliminaries
Modeling a Web of Linked Data
Data Model
Computation Model
Full-Web Semantics
Satisfiability, Nontrivial Satisfiability, Monotonicity, and Computability
Querying an Infinite Web of Linked Data
Reachability-Based Semantics
Definition
Completeness and Infiniteness
Satisfiability, Nontrivial Satisfiability, Monotonicity, and Computability
Conclusions
References
Linked Data-Based Concept Recommendation: Comparison of Different Methods in Open Innovation Scenario
Introduction
State of the Art
Linked Data-Based Concept Recommendation Approaches
Structure-Based Similarity
Structure-Based Statistical Semantics Similarity
Gold Standard-Based Evaluation
Results
User Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Finding Co-solvers on Twitter, with a Little Help from Linked Data
Introduction
Background and Related Work
Open Innovation and the Need for Co-solvers
Recommending People
Expert Finding
Measures of Semantic Relatedness Usable for Profile Expansion
Recommending Co-solvers
General Approach
Profiling
Core Similarity Measures and Similarity Scoring
Profile Expansion Using Semantic Relatedness Measures
Evaluation
Evaluation 1
Evaluation 2
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Top-k Linked Data Query Processing
Introduction
Linked Data Query Processing
Top-k Join Linked Data Query Processing
Preliminaries
Push-Based Top-k Join Processing
Improving Threshold Estimation
Early Pruning of Partial Results
Experimental Evaluation
Related Work
Conclusion
References
Preserving Information Content in RDF Using Bounded Homomorphisms
Introduction
RDF Graphs and RDF Homomorphisms
Syntax and Semantics of SPARQL
Degrees of Conservativeness
Generalising the Conservativeness Criterion
Computational Properties
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Assessing Linked Data Mappings Using Network Measures
Introduction
Network Definitions
Network Metrics
Degree
Clustering Coefficient
Centrality
SameAs Chains
Descriptive Richness through SameAs
LINK-QA Analysis Framework
Components
Implementation
Metric Analysis
Impact of Good and Bad Links
Detection of Bad Links
Related Work
Quality
Network Analysis on the Web of Data
Automated Creation of Links
Conclusion
References
A Novel Concept-Based Search for the Web of Data Using UMBEL and a Fuzzy Retrieval Model
Introduction
Our Approach and Contributions
Related Work
Concept-Based and Clustering-Based Information Retrieval (IR) Systems
Search Mechanisms on the WoD
Conceptual Structures and Vocabularies for Concept-Based IR
Proposed Concept-Based Search on the Web of Data
Recognizing Context of Linked Open Data Resources
Representation of Umbel Concept Descriptions
Categorization of LOD Resources Using a Novel Fuzzy Retrieval Model
Evaluations
Setup
Categorization Accuracy - Precision and Recall
Computational Efficiency of Dynamic Categorization
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Machine Learning Track
Unsupervised Learning of Link Discovery Configuration
Introduction
Problem Definition and Related Work
Link Discovery Problem
Establishing a Decision Rule for Individual Matching
Algorithm
Representing Individual Matching in Terms of a Genetic Algorithm
Fitness Functions: Pseudo-F-measure and Neighbourhood Growth
Obtaining the Optimal Solution: Genetic Algorithm
Evaluation
Settings
Benchmark Test
LOD Datasets
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Graph Kernels for RDF Data
Introduction
Preliminaries and Related Work
Preliminaries: Kernels
Preliminaries: Data Mining Tasks for RDF
Related Work: General Graph Kernels
Related Work: Specialized Methods for Mining Semantic Data
Kernel Functions for RDF Graphs - Design and Implementation
Kernel Functions Based on Intersection Graphs
Kernel Functions Based on Intersection Trees
Evaluation
Property Value Prediction
Link Prediction
Conclusion
References
EAGLE: Efficient Active Learning of Link Specifications Using Genetic Programming
Introduction
Related Work
Preliminaries
Link Discovery
Link Specifications as Trees
Approach
Overview
Evolution of Population
Fitness
Computation of Most Informative Link Candidates
Evaluation
Experimental Setup
Results
Comparison with other Approaches
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Combining Information Extraction, Deductive Reasoning and Machine Learning for Relation Prediction
Introduction
Related Work
Combining Sensory Information and Knowledge Base
Relation Prediction from Sensory Inputs
Relations from the Knowledge Base
Combining Sensory Information and Knowledge Base
Adding Relational Machine Learning
Notation
A Generative Model
Calculating the Solution
Comments and Extensions
A Joint Probabilistic Model
Generalization to New Entities
Aggregation
Multiple Class Memberships
Scalability
Experiments
Associating Diseases with Genes
Predicting Writer's Nationality in YAGO2
Conclusions
References
Automatic Configuration Selection Using Ontology Matching Task Profiling
Introduction
Preliminaries
Problem Definition
Matcher Configurations
Learning to Automatically Select the Best Configuration
Ontology Profiling
Matching Task Profiling
Automatic Configuration Selection
Evaluation and Results
Learning Evaluation
OAEI Results
Related Work
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Track
TELIX: An RDF-Based Model for Linguistic Annotation
Introduction
Linguistic Annotations as RDF Graphs
TELIX, an Ontology of Linguistic Information
Text Segmentation
Words and Senses in RDF
Linguistic Feature Structures
Feature Structures as RDF Graphs
Annotation Support
Adding Annotations to Structured Text Documents Using RDFa
Document Preparation
In-place Document Annotation
Separate Annotations
Previous Work
Conclusions
References
LODifier: Generating Linked Data from Unstructured Text
Introduction
The System
Recognizing Named Entities
Linking DBpedia URIs to Recognized Named Entities
Recognizing Relations
Assigning RDF WordNet URIs to Boxer Relations
Generating an RDF Graph
Automatic Evaluation: Story Link Detection
Task and Setup
Similarity Computation without Structure
Structurally Informed Similarity Computation
Results
Related Work
Conclusion and Outlook
References
POWLA: Modeling Linguistic Corpora in OWL/DL
Background
POWLA
PAULA Data Types
POWLA TBox: The POWLA Ontology
POWLA ABox: Modelling Linguistic Annotations in POWLA
Corpora as Linked Data
Grounding the POWLA Ontology in Existing Schemes
Linking Corpora with Lexical-Semantic Resources
Meta Data and Terminology Repositories
Results and Discussion
References
Ontologies Track
Representing Mereotopological Relations in OWL Ontologies with OntoPartS
Introduction
Mereotopology and OWL
Extension with Mereotopological Relations
Limitations for Mereotopology in OWL
Design and Implementation of OntoPartS
Requirements, Design, and Core Functionality
Description of the Selection Procedure
Preliminary Experimental Assessment of OntoPartS
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Evaluation of the Music Ontology Framework
Introduction
Techniques for Ontology Evaluation
Qualitative Evaluation
Structural and Ontological Metrics
Similarity to a ``Gold-Standard''
Task-Based Evaluation
Data-Driven Ontology Evaluation
A Query-Driven Ontology Evaluation Methodology
Step 1 - Constructing a Dataset of Verbalised User Needs
Step 2 - Extracting Query Features
Step 3 - Computing the Ontology Fit
Discussion
Evaluation of the Music Ontology Framework
Casual Users
Users of Music Libraries
Conclusion
References
The Current State of SKOS Vocabularies on the Web
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Result and Observation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
The ISOcat Registry Reloaded
Introduction
The ISOcat Data Category Registry
Specification of Data Categories
On Data Category Relationships and Definitions
Expression of ISOcat.org Using Schema.org
Building the Skeleton
Re-representation of ISOcat.org (Initial Version)
Lessons Learned
Discussion
Expert Vocabulary: From Glossary to Ontology
Impact on Existing Metadata Infrastructure
Conclusion
References
SCHEMA - An Algorithm for Automated Product Taxonomy Mapping in E-commerce
Introduction
Related Work
SCHEMA
General Assumptions
Source Category Disambiguation
Candidate Target Category Selection
Candidate Target Path Key Comparison
Evaluation
Evaluation Design
Results
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Voting Theory for Concept Detection
Introduction
Motivation
Contributions
Background
Voting Theory for Concept Detection
Metrics
Voting Theory Score-Based Methods
Voting Theory Rank-Based Methods
Methodology
Dataset
Evaluation Criteria
Experiments
Discussion
Findings
Limitations
Conclusion
References
Reasoning Track
Modelling Structured Domains Using Description Graphs and Logic Programming
Introduction
Preliminaries
Motivating Application
Description Graph Logic Programs
Semantic Acyclicity
Reasoning with Negation-Free DGLP ontologies
Reasoning with Stratified Negation-as-Failure
Implementation Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Extending Description Logic Rules
Introduction
Preliminaries
Description Logic Rules and Graph Notation
Description Logic Rules in SROIQ()
Satisifiability Preserving Transformations
Rules with Binary Predicates in the Head
Examples
Using Nominal Schemas and SROIQV()
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Prexto: Query Rewriting under Extensional Constraints in DL-Lite
Introduction
The Description Logic DL-LiteA
Extensional Constraints
Extensional Constraints and Query Rewriting
Prexto
Comparison
Conclusions
References
Semantic Data Management Track
Semi-automatically Mapping Structured Sources into the Semantic Web
Introduction
Motivating Example
Modeling Structured Sources
Inferring the Semantic Types
Constructing the Graph
Generating Source Models
User Interface for Refining Semantic Models
Generation of Formal Source Model Specification
Evaluation
Related Work
Discussion
References
Castor: A Constraint-Based SPARQL Engine with Active Filter Processing
Introduction
Background
Constraint-Based View of SPARQL Queries
Implementation
Constraints
Mapping RDF Values to Integers
Variables and Domains
Triple Indexes
Experimental Results
Conclusion
References
A Structural Approach to Indexing Triples
Introduction
Preliminaries
Principles of Triple-Based Structural Indexing
Query Processing with Structural Indexes
Index Construction
Applying the Principles in Practice
Experimental Validation
Experimental Setup
Experimental Analysis
Concluding Remarks
References
Domain Specific Data Retrieval on the Semantic Web
Introduction
Retrieval Framework
Data Representation
Weighting
Ranking
Reasoning and Query Expansion
Experiments
Method Variants
Data
Queries and Relevance Assessments
Evaluation Metrics
Statistical Significance
Results
Conclusions and Discussion
References
Exchange and Consumption of Huge RDF Data
Introduction
State-of-the-Art
Binary RDF Representation (HDT)
Revisiting HDT for Basic Consumption
Succinct Data Structures
Bitmap Triples for SP-O Indexing
Focusing on Querying (HDT-FoQ)
Functional Dictionary Serialization
A Wavelet Tree-Based Solution for PS-O Indexing
An Additional Adjacency List for OP-S Indexing
Joining Triple Patterns
Experimental Evaluation
Analyzing the Publication-Exchange-Consumption Workflow
HDT-FoQ in Consumption: Performance for SPARQL Querying
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Impact of Using Relationships between Ontologies to Enhance the Ontology Search Results
Introduction
Related Work
Systems Used
Methodology
Participants
Tasks
Data Collection
Results
User Efficiency
User Satisfaction
Analysis of the Ontology Relationships
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Enhancing OLAP Analysis with Web Cubes
Introduction
Motivation and Problem Statement
Preliminaries
OLAP Cubes Specification in RDF
Operating with Web Cubes
A General Algorithm for Roll-Up over Open Cubes
Exporting Web Cubes to a Local DSS
Related Work
Conclusion and Open Problems
References
Query-Independent Learning to Rank for RDF Entity Search
Introduction
Related Work
Query-Dependent Content Relevance
Query-Independent Features
Query Independent Learning to Rank over RDF
Learning to Rank
Rank SVM
Feature Extraction
Experiments
Datasets and Queries
Ground Truth: Human Judgments vs. Access Logs Information
Systems
Evaluation of Learning to Rank
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Services, Processes and Cloud Computing Track
COV4SWS.KOM: Information Quality-Aware Matchmaking for Semantic Services
Introduction
Service Descriptions Using WSDL 2.0 and SAWSDL
Information Quality-Based Matchmaking
Operations-Focused Matching
Assignment of Similarities
OLS-Based Automatic Weight Adaption
Experimental Evaluation
Evaluation Setup
Applied Metrics
Results and Discussion
Related Work
Conclusion
References
Social Web and Web Science Track
Automatic Identification of Best Answers in Online Enquiry Communities
Introduction
Related Work
Predicting Quality of Answers
User Features
Content Features
Thread Features
Core vs Extended Feature Sets
Datasets
SAP Community Network
Server Fault
Cooking Websites
Features Inferencing and Representation
Best Answer Identification
Experimental Setting
Results: Model Comparison
Results: Feature Comparison
Discussion and Future Work
Conclusions
References
Characterising Emergent Semantics in Twitter Lists
Introduction
Obtaining Relations between Keywords from Lists
Characterising Relations between Keywords
Similarity Measures Based on WordNet
Linked Data to Identify Relation Types
Experiment Description
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Crowdsourcing Taxonomies
Introduction
Problem Statement, Rationale, and Challenges
The Model, Solution Invariants, and Assumptions
Formal Formulation and Analysis
Crowdsourced Taxonomy Building Algorithm
The Core Algorithm: CrowdTaxonomy
Asymptotic Complexity Analysis
Experimentation
Synthetic Experiments
Crowdsourcing Experiment
Related Work
Conclusions
References
In-use and Industrial Track
Generating Possible Interpretations for Statistics from Linked Open Data
Introduction
Approach
Data Preparation
Generation of Hypotheses
Presentation of Hypotheses
Experimental Evaluation
Setup
Results
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Green-Thumb Camera: LOD Application for Field IT
Introduction
Proposal of Plant Recommendation Service
Problems and Approaches
Plant Recommendation Service
Implementation of LOD/SPARQL for Android
Experimental Test of Plant Recommendation
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Assembling Rule Mashups in the Semantic Web
Introduction and Motivation
Moving between RIF and RDF
From RIF Documents to RDF Graphs
From RDF Graphs to RIF Documents
RIF Assembler
Usage Scenarios
Health Care Scenario
Steel Industry Scenario
Related Work
Conclusions
References
Product Customization as Linked Data
Introduction and Motivation
Product Range Specification and Configuration
Product Range Specification
Presenting a Range of Customizable Products to Customers
Features of a Configuration Engine
Related Work
Configuration API
Configuration as Linked Data
Querying
Use Case: Implementing Text Search
Renault Implementation
Configuration Ontology
Main Classes
Definition of a Configuration
Description of a Configuration
Integration with GoodRelations
Vocabularies for Specifications
Indexing Configurations
Benefits
Improved Architecture
Reduced Development Costs of Client Applications
Benefits of Universal Configuration Identifiers
e-business Use Case Example: Targeted ads
Conclusion
References
From Web 1.0 to Social Semantic Web: Lessons Learnt from a Migration to a Medical Semantic Wiki
Introduction
Context
Application Context
Scientific Context
From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0
Choosing a Semantic Wiki Engine
Importing Guideline Content
User Right Management
KcatoS, a Decision Tree Editor
Introducing and Exploiting Formalised Knowledge
Extracting Decision Knowledge from Decision Trees
Using Semantic Tools of Wiki
Querying Resources of Web of Data
Evaluation
Related Work
Lessons Learnt and Future Work
References
Semantics Visualization for Fostering Search Result Comprehension
Introduction
Visualizing Search Results in Semantic Domains
Visualizing Query-Result-Relations
Semantic Neighborhood and Hierarchical Attributes
Mapping Results' Relevance to Visual Properties
Visual Feedback for Query Enhancement
Application Scenario
Evaluation
Experimental Design
Procedure
Results
Related Work
Discussion
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Evaluating Scientific Hypotheses Using the SPARQL Inferencing Notation
Introduction
Methods
Overview
HyQue Hypothesis Model
HyQue Knowledge Base (HKB)
The HyQue Scoring System
HyQue SPIN Rules
Executing HyQue SPIN Rules over the HKB
Results
Evaluating a Hypothesis about GAL Gene Induction and Protein Inhibition
Changing a Domain Specific Rule Affects Hypothesis Evaluation
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Declarative Representation of Programming Access to Ontologies
Introduction
Scenario, Example and Problem
Scenario: An Ontological Multimedia Annotation Framework
Example: Ontology-Based Modeling of Multimedia Metadata
Issues with APIs Provided by Existing Frameworks
Solution: Reference API for the Example Ontology
Requirements for Programming Access to Ontologies
Requirements on the Pragmatic Programming Access
Requirements on the Process for Generating Programming Access to Ontologies
Programming Access to Ontologies with OntoMDE
Step 1: From Ontology T-Box to MoOn
Step 2: From MoOn to OAM
Case Studies and Lessons Learned
Related Work
Conclusion
References
Clinical Trial and Disease Search with Ad Hoc Interactive Ontology Alignments
Introduction
Clinical Problem Statement
Proposed Workflow
String-Based Interactive Matching Approach
Evaluation
Conclusion
References
Towards Fuzzy Query-Relaxation for RDF
Introduction
Use-Case Overview
Background and State-of-the-Art
Relaxation Framework
Generating Similarity Tables for Categorical Values
Proof of Concept
Vehicles Scenario and Data
Mining DBpedia for Background Information
Comparing Concurrence vs. Numerical Matching
Experimenting with Query Relaxation
Conclusion
References
Learning Driver Preferences of POIs Using a Semantic Web Knowledge System
Introduction
The Supe System
Overview
The Supe Semantic Web Knowledge System
Building Driver Preferences from Tracked POI Data
Ordering POIs According to User's Preference
Evaluation and Discussion
Related Work
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Digital Libraries and Cultural Heritage Track
An Approach for Named Entity Recognition in Poorly Structured Data
Introduction
Problem and Related Work
Approach
Analysis
Entity Types
Predictive Model
Features
Implementation Details
Evaluation
Evaluation Data Set
Evaluation Procedure
Results
Feature Evaluation
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Supporting Linked Data Production for Cultural Heritage Institutes: The Amsterdam Museum Case Study
Introduction
Methodology Overview
XMLRDF Conversion Tool
Step 2: Syntactic Conversion to RDF
Step 3: Enriching the RDF
Step 4: Mapping to Interoperability Layer
Step 5: Vocabulary Alignment Using Amalgame
Case Study: Amsterdam Museum
Amsterdam Museum Metadata
The Europeana Data Model
Producing RDF Using XMLRDF
Producing Links to External Sources Using Amalgame
Serving Amsterdam Museum Linked Open Data
Related Work
Discussion and Future Work
References
Curate and Storyspace: An Ontology and Web-Based Environment for Describing Curatorial Narratives
Introduction
Related Work
The Curate Ontology
Story, Plot and Narrative
Stories and Heritage Objects
Facets, Events and Event Descriptions
Plots, Events and Story Components
Narrative Components
Storyspace
Modeling Stories with Storyspace
Structured Interview
Conclusions and Future Work
References
Bringing Mathematics to the Web of Data: The Case of the Mathematics Subject Classification
Introduction: The MSC and Its Applications
Requirements for a Reimplementation
Design of the MSC/SKOS Concept Scheme
Deployment and Publication
Benefits Experienced and Difficulties Encountered
Use Case: The Linked Universities Initiative
Related Work
Conclusion
Roadmap Towards a Math. Web of Data
References
EGovernment Track
A Publishing Pipeline for Linked Government Data
Introduction
LGD Publishing Pipeline
Machine Readable Catalogues
Data Clean-up
Converting Raw Data into RDF
Interlinking
Sharing
Case Study - Fingal County Catalogue
Machine-Readable Catalogue
Data Cleaning-up
Interlinking
RDF-izing
Sharing
Related Work
Future Work and Conclusion
References
Achieving Interoperability through Semantic Technologies in the Public Administration
Introduction
Related Works
Interoperability Aspects within ProDe
Toward Achieving Interoperability in ProDe
The MoKi Architecture and Tool
Interoperability in ProDe: What We Did, What We Learned and What We Will Do Next
Users Interoperability
Procedures Interoperability
Lexicon Interoperability
Formal Language Interoperability
Organizational and Technological Interoperability
Additional General Lesson Learned
Conclusions
References
PhD Symposium
Tackling Incompleteness in Information Extraction - A Complementarity Approach
Motivation
Proposed Approach
Contribution of the Research Work
The Complementarity Approach
Background
Planned Research Work
References
A Framework for Ontology Usage Analysis
Research Problem and Motivation
State of the Art
Methodology and Approach
Initial Results and Proposed Benefits
Conclusion and Future Work
References
Formal Specification of Ontology Networks
Motivation and Research Questions
State of the Art
The Proposed Approach
Research Methodology
Results
References
Leveraging Linked Data Analysis for Semantic Recommender Systems
Motivation
Related Work
Proposed Approach
Methodology
References
Sharing Statistics for SPARQL Federation Optimization, with Emphasis on Benchmark Quality
Motivation
State of the Art and Open Problems
In SPARQL Federation
In Benchmarking
Proposed Approach and Methodology
In SPARQL Federation
In Benchmarking
References
A Reuse-Based Lightweight Method for Developing Linked Data Ontologies and Vocabularies
Motivation and Research Questions
State of the Art
Proposed Approach
Planned Research Methodology
Conclusion
References
Optimising XML-RDF Data Integration A Formal Approach to Improve XSPARQL Efficiency
Integrating XML and RDF Data Lacks Efficiency
Related Work
A Formal Model for Cross-Format Optimisation
Research Methodology
References
Software Architectures for Scalable Ontology Networks
Introduction
Problem Statement and Research Questions
Related Work
Approach and Implementation
Validation
References
Identifying Complex Semantic Matches
Motivation
State of the Art
Research Approach and Methodology
Current Work
References
Data Linking with Ontology Alignment
Motivation and Research Questions
State of the Art
Proposed Approach
Planned Research Methodology
References
A Semantic Policy Sharing Infrastructure for Pervasive Communities
Introduction and Motivation
Related Work
Approach and Methodology
Preliminary Results
Conclusions
References
Involving Domain Experts in Ontology Construction: A Template Based Approach
Introduction
Previous and Related Work
Supporting Domain Experts in Conceptual Modelling with Moki
Results and Future Work
References
Quality Assurance in Collaboratively Created Web Vocabularies
Motivation
Related Work
Proposed Approach
Research Methodology
Preliminary Results and Conclusion
References
Author Index

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