The Chagga Concepts of Disability and their Implications on People with Disabilities

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement - 9
Abbreviations - 11
Abstract - 12

1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY - 17
1.1 Introduction - 17
1.2 Statement of Interest on Disability Research - 17
1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis - 20
1.4 The Objective of This Study - 21
1.5 Methodology and Theory - 21
1.6 The Importance of this Study - 25
1.7 Literature Reviews - 26
1.8 Research Organization - 32

2 BACKGROUND ON THE CHAGGA ETHNIC GROUP - 34
2.1 Introduction - 34
2.2 The United Republic of Tanzania - 34
2.3 Chiefdoms and Chiefs - 37
2.4 The Chagga People and the Kihamba - 44
2.5 Lore of the Chagga Culture on Human - 45
2.6 Community and Family Life - 45
2.7 The Chagga Indigenous Religion - 48
2.8 Early Christianity and Other Religion(s) among the Chagga - 51
2.9 Bruno Gutmann's Views on the Chagga Culture - 53
2.10 Rite Practices among the Chagga People - 57
2.11. Conclusion - 63

3 PRAGMATIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHAGGA CONCEPTS OF DISABILITY AND THEIR IMPACT ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES - 65
3.1 Introduction - 65
3.2 Geographical Location and Visited Areas - 66
3.3 An Overview of the Findings of the Interviewees - 66
3.4 Ethnographical Relationship, its Importance and Challenges - 69
3.5 Research Ethics, Relationships and Respect - 71
3.6 The Interviewees: Selection and Methodology - 72
3.7 The Understanding of Humans According to the Chagga Community - 76
3.8 Rituals and Other Ways of Dealing with Disability- 85
3.9 People with Disabilities and their Families - 89
3.10 Witchcraft and Sorcerers, Witch Doctors and Prayers for Healing - 102
3.11 Vocabulary Used to Address People with Disabilities - 107
3.12 Encounters with the Homeless and Street People with Disabilities - 108
3.13 The Meaning of Disability According to the Chagga - 111

4 DISCOURSE THEORY AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THIS WORK - 112
4.1 Introduction - 112
4.2 Comprehension of Discourse Theory - 112
4.3 Development of Discourse Theory - 115
4.4 Michel Foucault - 116
4.5 Foucault's Concepts of Discourse Theory - 117
4.6 Criticisms of Foucault's Discourse Theory - 128
4.7 The Relevance and Challenge of Discourse Theory to this Work - 129
4.8 Conclusion - 131

5 REFLECTING DISCOURSES AROUND DISABILITY AND HUMANISM PHILOSOPHY - 132
5.1 Introduction - 132
5.2. Humanism - 133
5.3 Reflecting Disability and Discourse - 142
5.4 Role of the Community to Individual Wellbeing - 154
5.5 Ambivalent Positions on Disability Concepts in Chagga - 158
5.6 Conclusion - 160

6 CONCLUDING REMARKS - 161
6.1 Conclusion and Recommendations - 161
6.2 Recommendations for Further Research - 163

References - 165