Digital Forensics and Watermarking

Name: Digital Forensics and Watermarking | 15th International Workshop, IWDW 2016, Beijing, China, September 17-19, 2016, Revised Selected Papers
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15th International Workshop, IWDW 2016, Beijing, China, September 17-19, 2016, Revised Selected Papers

Yun Qing Shi Hyoung Joong Kim Fernando Perez-Gonzalez Feng Liu(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 14. Februar 2017

XIV, 618 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Preface
Organization
Contents
Digital Forensics
A Multi-purpose Image Counter-anti-forensic Method Using Convolutional Neural Networks
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 JPEG Anti-forensics
2.2 Median Filtering Anti-forensics
2.3 Resampling Anti-forensics
2.4 Contrast Enhancement Anti-forensics
3 The Proposed CNN Model for Countering Anti-forensics
3.1 Convolution
3.2 Pooling
3.3 Activation
3.4 Dropout
3.5 Overall Architecture
4 Experimental Result
4.1 Network Settings
4.2 Binary Classification
4.3 Multi-class Classification
4.4 Practical Cross Database Test
5 Conclusion
References
Detection of Video-Based Face Spoofing Using LBP and Multiscale DCT
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Method
3.1 Face Extraction
3.2 Low-Level Descriptor Extraction
3.3 High-Level Descriptor Extraction
3.4 Classification
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Datasets
4.2 Experimental Protocols
4.3 Effectiveness of the Proposed Scheme on Replay-Attack Dataset
4.4 Effectiveness of the Proposed Scheme on CASIA-FASD Dataset
4.5 Comparisons with State of the Art
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Source Cell-Phone Identification Using Spectral Features of Device Self-noise
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Self-noise
2.1 Definition of Self-noise
2.2 Properties of Self-noise
3 Cell-Phone Identification Using Self-noise
3.1 Self-noise Estimation
3.2 Feature Extraction
4 Experiments
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Experimental Results
4.2.1 Result of SN-SSF
4.2.2 Result of SN-SDF
4.2.3 Comparison
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Speech Authentication and Recovery Scheme in Encrypted Domain
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Algorithm
2.1 Speech Encryption and Decryption
2.2 Watermarking Generation and Embedding
2.3 Tampering Location
2.4 Tampered Recovery
3 Performance Analysis
3.1 Security
3.2 Performance of Tamper Detection
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Inaudibility
4.2 Tamper Location and Recovery
5 Conclusions
References
Detecting Double H.264 Compression Based on Analyzing Prediction Residual Distribution
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Model of Non-aligned Double Compression Procedure
3 PRED Feature Extraction
4 Framework of the Proposed Scheme
5 Experiments
5.1 Dataset Setup
5.2 Performance Evaluation on Double H.264 Compression Detection
5.3 Performance Evaluation on First GOP Size Estimation
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Identification of Electronic Disguised Voices in the Noisy Environment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Electronic Voice Disguise
3 Identification of Electronic Disguised Voices
3.1 Features Extraction of LFCC
3.2 Features Extraction of Formants
3.3 Detection Method
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Detection Performance
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Using Benford's Law Divergence and Neural Networks for Classification and Source Identification of Biometric Images
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Benford's Law
2.2 Neural Networks
3 Experimental Set-Up
3.1 Separation of Different Types of Biometric Images
3.2 Data Sets
3.3 Divergence Metric and Separability of Biometric Databases
4 Proposed Method
4.1 Method Description
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Inter-class Separability of Biometric Images
5.2 Intra-class Separability of Biometric Images
5.3 Mixed Inter-class and Intra-class Separability of Biometric Images
5.4 Comparative Analysis Between Inter-class, Intra-class and Mixture of Inter-class and Intra-class Classification of Biometric Images
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Source Camera Identification Based on Guided Image Estimation and Block Weighted Average
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Description of the Proposed Scheme
3.1 Guided Image Filter
3.2 SPN Extraction Based on Guidance-Image Prediction
3.3 Construction of the Reference SPN Based on Block Weighted Average
4 Experimental Results and Analysis
4.1 Experimental Results
4.2 Analysis of the Capability of Resisting JPEG Compression
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Recapture Image Forensics Based on Laplacian Convolutional Neural Networks
1 Introduction
2 Laplacian Convolution Neural Networks
2.1 Signal Enhancement Layer
2.2 General Convolutional Neural Networks Structure
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Experiment 1
3.2 Experiment 2
4 Conclusions
References
Concealing Fingerprint-Biometric Data into Audio Signals for Identify Authentication
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Fingerprint Enhancement and Extraction Processes
3 Watermark Embedding and Extraction Algorithm
3.1 Template Embedding Process
3.2 Watermark Extraction Process
4 Performance Evaluation
5 Experimental Results
5.1 Comparison with a Related Scheme
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
A Novel Robust Image Forensics Algorithm Based on L1-Norm Estimation
1 Introduction
2 Noise Estimation Based Forgery Detection
2.1 Kurtosis
2.2 Noise Variance Estimation
2.3 Analysis
3 Robust Noise Estimation Model
3.1 Linear Regression Model for Noise Variance Estimation
3.2 L1-Norm Based Noise Variance Estimation
3.3 Acceleration Strategy for Consecutive Blocks
3.4 Procedure of Our Method
4 Experiment Result and Analysis
5 Conclusion and Future Works
References
Detection of Copy-Move Forgery in Flat Region Based on Feature Enhancement
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Backgrounds of SURF and CLAHE
2.1 Speed up Robust Features
2.2 CLAHE
3 The Proposed Method
3.1 Preprocessing by CLAHE
3.2 SURF Features Extraction
3.3 Keypoints Matching
3.4 Clustering and Filtering
4 Experiments
4.1 Threshold Determination
4.2 Plain Copy-Move Forgery Detection
4.3 CMFD with Post-processing
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Local Derivative Pattern Based Image Forensic Framework for Seam Carving Detection
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Proposed Framework
3.1 Local Derivative Pattern Image
3.2 Energy Based Features
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Setup of Seam Carving Database
4.2 Performance of Proposed Framework
5 Conclusion
References
Visual Cryptography
Privacy Monitor
1 Introduction
2 The Proposed Privacy Monitor
3 The Visible Space
3.1 A Concrete Analysis for IPS Screen
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusions
References
Information Security Display Technology with Multi-view Effect
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Color Mixture Model Based on ``Persistence of Vision''
2.2 Conversion Between Gray Value and Luminance Value
2.3 Information Security Display System of [3]
3 Design and Construction of Our Scheme
4 Experimental Results and Analysis of the Proposed Scheme
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Random Grids-Based Threshold Visual Secret Sharing with Improved Visual Quality
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 The Proposed Scheme
4 Experimental Results and Analyses
4.1 Image Illustration
4.2 Visual Quality of the Recovered Secret Images
4.3 Comparisons with Related Schemes
5 Conclusion
References
Halftone Visual Cryptography with Complementary Cover Images
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The Model of VCS
2.2 Error Diffusion
3 The Proposed Scheme
3.1 Problem Description
3.2 SIP Assignment
3.3 Non-SIP Assignment
3.4 Generation of Halftone Shares via Error Diffusion
4 Discussions
4.1 Proof of Validity
4.2 Visual Quality of Halftone Shares
5 Experiment and Comparison
5.1 Experiment
5.2 Comparison
6 Conclusion
References
Collusive Attacks to Partition Authentication Visual Cryptography Scheme
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 (k,n)-Conventional Visual Cryptography Scheme ((k, n)-CVCS)
2.2 Cheating Attack to VCS
3 Collusive Attacks to Partition Authentication Visual Cryptography Scheme (PAVCS)
3.1 The Model of Partition Authentication Visual Cryptography Scheme (PAVCS)
3.2 Review of Lin et al.'s Partition Authentication Visual Cryptography Schemes (PAVCS)
3.3 The Proposed Collusive Attacks
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1 Experimental Results
4.2 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
On the Robustness of Visual Cryptographic Schemes
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Contribution
2 Robustness of Visual Cryptographic Schemes
2.1 The Model for Cheating
3 Realization of Robust Visual Cryptographic Schemes
3.1 Motivation: Some Examples
3.2 Robust (2,n)-Visual Cryptographic Schemes
4 Conclusion
References
Reversible Data Hiding
Optimal Distortion Estimation for Prediction Error Expansion Based Reversible Watermarking
1 Introduction
2 Prediction Error Expansion Based Reversible Watermarking
2.1 Embedding Algorithm
2.2 Extraction Algorithm
2.3 Average Distortion for PEE Based Reversible Watermarking
3 Optimization of Distortion Under Capacity Constraint
3.1 Algorithmic Complexity of Bounded Capacity Distortion Minimization: Optimization and Decision Problems
3.2 Convex Optimization Based Capacity Threshold Parameter Estimation
4 Our Approach: Simplified Modelling of Prediction Error
4.1 Justification for Prediction Histogram Modelling Using DCT Coefficients and Entropy
4.2 Bounded Capacity Distortion Estimation
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Blind 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Sphere-Shape Template
1 Introduction
2 3D Mesh Watermarking Based on Radial Information
2.1 Watermark Embedding Process
2.2 Watermark Extraction Process
3 Proposed Method
3.1 Watermark Embedding
3.2 Template Embedding
3.3 Template Extraction
3.4 Watermark Extraction
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Invisibility Test
4.2 Robustness Test
5 Conclusion
References
Fragile Watermarking Based Proofs of Retrievability for Archival Cloud Data
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Problem Statement
3.1 The System and Threat Model
3.2 Design Goals
3.3 Preliminaries and Implementation Framework
4 The Proposed Scheme for Archival Image Storage
4.1 Setup
4.2 Integrity Verification
4.3 Corruption Recovery
5 Security Analysis
6 Performance Analysis and Simulation Results
6.1 Correctness
6.2 Efficiency
7 Conclusion
References
Multiple Watermarking Using Multilevel Quantization Index Modulation
1 Introduction
2 Multilevel Scalar-QIM
3 Multilevel Lattice-QIM
3.1 Construction of Nested Lattices
3.2 Multilevel Encoder and Decoder
4 Experimental Result
4.1 Theoretical Analysis
4.2 Application on Natural Images
5 Conclusion
References
Increasing Secret Data Hiding Capacity in QR Code Using 3 3 Subcells
1 Introduction
2 3 3 Subcells QR Code
2.1 Encoding Process
2.2 Decoding Process
3 Proposed Method
3.1 Subcell Selection
3.2 Bit Placement of Embedded Data
3.3 Procedure to Generate 3 3 Subcells QR Code
3.4 Decoding Procedure
4 Experimental Result and Analysis
4.1 Backward Compatibility Testing and Analysis
4.2 Embedded Data Capacity Measurement and Analysis
4.3 Error Correction Capability Testing
5 Conclusion
References
Databases Traceability by Means of Watermarking with Optimized Detection
1 Introduction
2 Database Traceability by Means of Watermarking
2.1 A General Database Watermarking Chain
2.2 Identification of a Database in a Mixture
2.3 Lossless Circular Histogram Center of Mass Modulation
3 Decoder Optimization
3.1 Preliminary Results
3.2 Informed Decoder
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Considered Database and Experimental Framework
4.2 Proposed Detector Performance
5 Conclusion
References
A New Card Authentication Scheme Based on Image Watermarking and Encryption
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Diffusion Algorithm
2.2 Image Scrambling Based on Arnold Transform
2.3 Chang et al.'s Authentication Scheme Based on Frequency Domain
3 Fingerprint Watermarking Based Card User Authentication
3.1 Registration Phase
3.2 Authentication Phase
4 Experiment Results
4.1 Watermarking Matching, Encryption and Decryption Results
4.2 Security Analysis
4.3 Performance Comparison
5 Conclusions
References
Copyright Protection for 3D Printing by Embedding Information Inside 3D-Printed Objects
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Embedding Information Inside Real Fabricated Objects and Reading It Using a Near Infrared Camera
2.1 Embedding Information
2.2 Reading Embedded Information Using a Near Infrared Camera
3 Experiments
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Watermarking with Fixed Decoder for Aesthetic 2D Barcode
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Our Contribution
2 Preliminaries
2.1 QR Code
2.2 Modified RS Encoding Function
3 Proposed Framework on Error Correction Code
3.1 Definitions and Notations
3.2 Proposed Formulation
4 Enhancement Using Image Processing Techniques
4.1 Module Shape
4.2 Region of Interest
4.3 Variance of Pixels in Single Module
5 Examples
5.1 Weighting Parameter
5.2 Generated QR Code
6 Conclusion Remarks
References
Two-Dimensional Histogram Modification for Reversible Data Hiding in Partially Encrypted H.264/AVC Videos
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Scheme
2.1 H.264/AVC Video Encryption
2.2 Embedding Zone Selection
2.3 Data Embedding in the Encrypted Domain
2.4 Data Extraction and Original Video Recovery
3 Experimental Results and Analysis
3.1 Embedding Capacity
3.2 Marked Video Quality
3.3 Bit Rate Variation
4 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
Second Order Perdicting-Error Sorting for Reversible Data Hiding
1 Introduction
2 Second Order Perdicting-Error Sorting (SOPS) for Color Image
2.1 Second Order Perdicting-Error Based on Correlation Among Color Channels
2.2 Second Order Perdicting-Error Sorting Based on Generalized Normal Distribution
3 Application, Experiment and Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Reversible Data Hiding for Texture Videos and Depth Maps Coding with Quality Scalability
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for Texture Videos and Depth Maps Coding
2.1 Depth Down-Sampling and Compression
2.2 Depth Video Bitstream Embedding and Extraction
2.3 Texture-Based Depth Reconstruction
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Visual Quality of the Stego Texture Video
3.2 Impacts on the Coding Efficiency
3.3 Visual Quality of the Reconstructed Depth Maps
3.4 Visual Quality of the Synthesized View
4 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted AMBTC Compressed Images
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method
2.1 Image Encryption
2.2 Data Embedding
2.3 Data Extraction and Image Recovery
3 Experimental Results
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Reversible 3D Image Data Hiding with Quality Enhancement
1 Introduction
2 The D-NOSE Model
3 Reversible Data Hiding Method
3.1 Generate the Hidden Data
3.2 Embed the Hidden Data
3.3 Extract the Hidden Data
3.4 Generate the High Quality Virtual View
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusions
References
An Adaptive Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for JPEG Images
1 Introduction
2 Backgrounds
2.1 JPEG Compression
2.2 RDH Method in
3 Proposed Method
3.1 Expandable Bins-Pair in Histogram and Block Selection
3.2 Embedding Procedure of ABBS
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Image Quality Comparisons
4.2 File Size Preservation Comparisons
5 Conclusion
References
Separable Multiple Bits Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Domain
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Separable Multiple Bits Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Domain
2.1 Regev's LWE Algorithm [22]
2.2 Proposed Scheme
2.2.1 Design Idea
2.2.2 Pre-processing
2.2.3 Data Encryption and Data Embedding
2.2.4 Data Decryption and Data Extraction
3 Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results
3.1 Correctness
3.2 Security
3.3 Capacity
4 Conclusion
References
Steganography and Steganalysis
Distortion Function for Spatial Image Steganography Based on the Polarity of Embedding Change
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method
3 Experiment Results
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Embedding Strategy for Batch Adaptive Steganography
1 Introduction
2 Preparation
2.1 Notation
2.2 Distortion Function
2.3 Binary Embedding Operation
3 Proposed Work
3.1 Secure Factor Definition
3.2 Accurate Calculation for DLS
3.3 Curve Fitting and Convexity
3.4 Embedding Procedure
4 Experiment
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Proper Payload-Derived Distortion Function
4.3 Distinction of Fitting Curves
4.4 Secure Performance
5 Conclusion
References
Adaptive Steganography Using 2D Gabor Filters and Ensemble Classifiers
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Gabor Filter
2.2 Ensemble Classifiers
3 Proposed Scheme
3.1 The Description of the Texture Feature
3.2 The Design of Distortion Function
3.3 The Embedding and Extraction
4 Experiments and Analysis
4.1 Common Procedure of Experiments
4.2 Parameters Setting
4.3 Computation of the Proposed Scheme
4.4 Comparison to Prior Schemes
5 Conclusion
References
An Adaptive Video Steganography Based on Intra-prediction Mode and Cost Assignment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Process of Intra-prediction in H.264/AVC
3 The Proposed Adaptive Embedding Scheme
3.1 The Proposed Cost Assignment Scheme Based on I4-Blocksentropy and Its MROSS
3.2 The Steganographic Course of the Proposed Scheme
4 Experiments and Performance Results
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Segmentation Based Steganalysis of Spatial Images Using Local Linear Transform
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 LLT Based Steganalysis Features
2.1 Steganalysis Features Obtained by LLT
2.2 Selection of LLT Masks
3 Segmentation Based Steganalysis Algorithm
3.1 Image Segmentation
3.1.1 Block Texture Based Classification
3.1.2 Block Category Amalgamation
3.2 Segmentation Based Steganalysis Features
3.3 Training and Testing
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Experiment Setup
4.2 Effect of Block Size S
4.3 Effect of LLT Residual Order
4.4 Performance Comparison
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Reliable Pooled Steganalysis Using Fine-Grained Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Definition of the Problem
4 Implementation of Proposed Pooled Steganalysis
4.1 Parameter Estimation of Detection Error
4.2 Hypothesis Testing of Pooled Steganalysis
4.3 Factors that Affect Estimations
4.4 Factors that Affect Strategies
4.5 Effectiveness of Dividing Images into Small Subsets
4.6 Proposed Framework
5 Demonstrations
6 Conclusions and Discussions
References
Deep Learning on Spatial Rich Model for Steganalysis
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Deep Learning for Steganalysis
2.1 Neural Network and Deep Learning
2.2 Convolutional Neural Networks and Its Application to Steganaysis
3 Proposed Method
3.1 High-Dimensional Datum Extraction
3.2 Random Subspaces Based Processing
3.3 Deep Processing
3.4 Classification
4 Experiments and Analysis
4.1 Dataset and Software Platforms
4.2 Training and Test
4.3 Parameters in the Designed CNN
4.4 Result
4.5 More Details and Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
A High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Scheme Based upon Permutation Vectors
1 Introduction
2 Previous Works
2.1 Data Hiding Based on Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD)
2.2 Data Hiding Based on Sudoku
2.3 Data Hiding Based on Magic Cubes (MC)
3 The Proposed Data Hiding Scheme Based on Secret Permutation Reference Vectors
3.1 The Data Embedding Process
3.2 The Data Extraction Process
3.3 Expected Stego-Image Quality of the Proposed Scheme
3.4 The Improved Data Hiding Scheme Based on Permutation Vectors
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
Data Hiding in H.264/AVC Video Files Using the Coded Block Pattern
1 Introduction
2 The Coded Block Pattern in H.264/AVC
3 The Proposed Method
3.1 The Embedding Channel Construction
3.2 Practical Implementation
4 Experiments
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Impacts on Visual Quality
4.3 Impacts on Compression Efficiency
5 Conclusion
References
A Study of the Two-Way Effects of Cover Source Mismatch and Texture Complexity in Steganalysis
1 Introduction
2 A Texture Complexity Measuring Method
3 Two-Way Analysis of Variance
4 Experiments for the Two-Way Analysis of Variance Study
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Experimental Results and Analysis
5 An Accuracy Enhancing Steganalysis Strategy
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Erratum to: Speech Authentication and Recovery Scheme in Encrypted Domain
Erratum to: Chapter "Speech Authentication and Recovery Scheme in Encrypted Domain" in: Y.Q. Shi et al. (Eds.): Digital Forensics and Watermarking DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53465-7_4
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