Fine Chemicals through Heterogeneous Catalysis

Introduction
BASIC PRINCIPLES
General considerations and types of catalysts
Preparation of solid catalysts
Characterization of solid catalysts
SOLID ACID CATALYSTS: GENERAL
Acidic clays
Zeolithes
Sulfonated polysiloxanes
Silica-occluded heteropolyacids
Hybrid sulfonated mesoporous systems
The use of nafion and nafion/silica composites in solid acid catalysis
SOLID ACID CATALYSTS: AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Nitration of aromatics
Halogenation over solid catalysts
Friedel-Crafts alkylation
Friedel-Crafts acylation
Hydroxyalkylations
Fischer indole synthesis
SOLID ACID CATALYSTS: REARRANGEMENT & ISOMERIZATIONS
Beckmann rearrangement
Benzamine rearrangement
Fries rearrangement
Rearrangement of epoxides
Pinacol rearrangement
Terpene rearrangement/isomerization
SOLID ACID CATALYSIS: MISCELLANEOUS
Selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols over gamma-alumina
Alkylation of carbohydrates
Heterocyclic synthesis
Heterogeneous catalysis of Diels-Alder reactions
Dehydration of alcohols
SOLID BASE CATALYSIS
Zeolithes and related materials in Knoevenagel condensations and Michael additions
Hydrotalcite catalyzed aldol condensations
Organic bases attached to mesoporous silicas as solid catalysts
CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION AND DEHYDROGENATION
Alkynes
Aldehydes and ketones
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Carbohydrates
Aromatic nitro compounds
Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic rings
Hydrogenolysis of C-O, C-N and C-X bonds
Dehydrogenation
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, Oppenauer Oxidation and related reactions
Enantioselective hydrogenation with solid catalysts
Metal-catalyzed amination of alcohols
OXIDATION
Epoxidation
Oxidation of carbohydrates an metal catalysts
Allylic and benzylic oxidation
Ammoxidation of aromatic side-chains
Aromatic ring hydroxylation
C-C BOND FORMATION
Carbon-carbon bond formation via surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC)
Olefin metathesis
Heck coupling
Future Outlook