Mass Spectrometry and Stable Isotopes in Nutritional and Pediatric Research

Name: Mass Spectrometry and Stable Isotopes in Nutritional and Pediatric Research
Brand: Wiley
Price: 141.99 EUR
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Henk Schierbeek(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 23. Januar 2017

416 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
Wiley Series on Mass Spectrometry
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Introduction
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Mass Spectrometry Techniques for In Vivo Stable Isotope Approaches
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nomenclature for Light-Stable Isotope Changes
1.3 Mass Spectrometry Techniques
1.4 Choice of Mass Spectrometric Techniques and Applications to Measure Isotopic Enrichments in Metabolic Studies
1.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 2: Stable Isotope Technology
2.1 History
2.2 Definition
2.3 Safety
2.4 Stable Isotopes and Natural Abundances
2.5 Stable Isotope Selection
2.6 Single or Multiple Label Selection
2.7 Precursor Model
2.8 Simultaneous Infusion
2.9 Infusion Techniques
2.10 Steady State
2.11 Pool Selection
2.12 Pool Models
2.13 Flux: Synthesis and Breakdown
2.14 Nitrogen Balance
2.15 Doubly Labeled Water Method
2.16 Whole-body Protein Synthesis
2.17 Specific Protein Synthesis
2.18 Calculations
2.19 Considerations and Drawbacks of Isotopic Tracers
2.20 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Stable Isotopes in Nutritional and Pediatric Research
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ethical Aspects
3.3 Applications of Stable Isotopes in Nutritional and Pediatric Research
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Early-Life Nutrition and Stable Isotope Techniques
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Breast Milk versus Infant Formula
4.3 Techniques to Monitor Milk Intake
4.4 Body Composition in Term and Preterm Infants
4.5 Amino Acid Requirement
4.6 Clinical Applications
4.7 Additional Applications
4.8 Discussion
4.9 Conclusion
4.10 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 5: Assessment of Amino Acid Requirement in Children Using Stable Isotopes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nutrient Needs and Definitions
5.3 Methods to Determine Requirements
5.4 Isotopic Tracer Methods
5.5 Existing Methods to Determine Amino Acid Requirement for Neonates
5.6 Use of the IAAO Method in the Pediatric Population
5.7 Necessity for Performing the Study
5.8 Biochemistry
5.11 Analysis and Calculations
5.12 Results
5.13 Statistical Analysis
5.14 Discussion
5.15 Conclusion
5.16 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 6: Metabolism of Glutamine, Citrulline, and Arginine
Stable Isotopes Analyzing the Intestinal-Renal Axis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biochemistry
6.3 Isotopic Model
6.4 Study Design
6.5 Mass Spectrometry Methods
6.6 Clinical Applications
6.7 Calculations
6.8 Discussion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 7: Applications in Fat Absorption and Metabolism
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biochemistry of Fat Absorption
7.3 Isotope Model
7.4 Study Design/Infusion Protocols
7.5 Analytical Equipment
7.6 Analytical Conditions
7.7 Accuracy and Precision
7.8 Calculations
7.9 Clinical Applications
7.10 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 8: Materno-Fetal Lipid Kinetics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biochemistry of Placental Lipid Transport
8.3 Investigation of Fatty Acid Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes
8.4 Mass Spectrometry Methods
8.5 Clinical Studies with Fatty Acids Labeled with Stable Isotopes in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies
8.6 Calculations
8.7 Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Stable Isotope Applications in Human In Vivo Placental and Fetal Research
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Investigation of Fetal Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes
9.3 Study Designs and Models
9.4 Infusion Protocols and Clinical Applications
9.5 Necessary Additional Clinical Parameters to be Analyzed
9.6 Necessary Analytical Mass-Spectrometry Equipment and Analytical Conditions
9.7 Calculations
9.8 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 10: Obesity
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Singly and Doubly Labeled Water
10.3 Substrate Oxidation
10.4 Glucose Metabolism
10.5 Fat Metabolism
10.6 Protein Turnover
10.7 Calculations
10.8 Discussion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 11: Inborn Errors of Metabolism
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Stable Isotope Techniques
11.3 Analytical Equipment and Methods
11.4 Study Protocol: Quantifying Endogenous Galactose Production
11.5 Calculations
11.6 Discussion
11.7 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 12: Renal Disease and Dialysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Total Body Water and Its Distribution
12.3 Protein Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease
12.4 Dialysis - Metabolic Consequences and Nutrient Losses
12.5 Primary Hyperoxalurias
12.6 Clinical Applications
12.7 Calculations
12.8 Discussion
12.9 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 13: Application in Oxidative Stress and Glutathione Metabolism in Preterm Infants
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biochemistry/Model
13.3 Guidelines and Safety Procedures
13.4 Mass Spectrometry Methods
13.5 Materials and Methods
13.6 Clinical Application (A Practical Example of a Study Protocol)
13.7 Calculations
13.8 Discussion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 14: Nutrient Digestion and Absorption During Intestinal Malfunction and Diseases
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Clinical Application [49]
References
Index
Wiley Series on Mass Spectrometry
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List of Abbreviations

d, % delta per mil 13C carbon-13 14C carbon-14 18O oxygen-18 AA amino acids AAP American Academy of Pediatrics ADMA asymmetric dimethylarginine ADP air displacement plethysmography AgNO3 silver nitrate AGT alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase AI adequate intake AMS accelerator mass spectrometry APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization APE atom percent excess APPI atmospheric pressure photoionization ASL argininosuccinate lyase ASR absolute synthesis rate ASS argininosuccinate synthase AUCs area under the curves AV arteriovenous BCAA branched chain amino acids BMI body mass index Br bromine BSIA bulk stable isotope analysis BUN blood urea nitrogen BW birth weight CE cholesterol esters CF cystic fibrosis CFA coefficient of fat absorption CKD chronic kidney disease Cl chlorine CO2 carbon dioxide CP cerebral palsy CPT2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 CRDS cavity ring down spectroscopy CRI chemical reaction interface CRI-MS chemical reaction interface-mass spectrometry CSIA compound-specific isotope analysis CTD clinical trials directive CuO cupric oxide CV coefficient of variation DAAO direct amino acid oxidation DHA docosahexaenoic acid DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EA elemental analyzer EA-IRMS elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry EAR estimated average requirement ECF ethyl chloroformate reagent ECW extracellular water EGP endogenous glucose production EI electron ionization EL endothelial lipase EOP endogenous oxalate production ESI electrospray ionization ESPGHAN European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition ESRD end-stage renal disease eV electron volt FDA Food and Drug Administration FFA free fatty acids FFM free fat mass FIA flow injection analysis FIA-IRMS flow injection analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry FID flame ionization detector FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography FQ food quotient FSR fractional synthesis rate FT-ICR-MS Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectrometry FWHM full width at half maximum GA gestational age GALT galactose-1-phophate uridyltransferase GC gas chromatography GC-C-IRMS gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GDM gestational diabetes mellitus GFR glomerular filtration rate GGL glycogenolysis GISP Greenland Ice Sheet Precipitation Glc glucose GLUT2 glucose transporter 2 Gly glycine GMP good manufacturing practice GNG gluconeogenesis GO glyoxylate oxidase GOS galacto-oligosaccharides GPX GSH peroxidases GR glyoxylate reductase GR/HPR glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase GSH glutathione GSSG glutathione disulfide H2 hydrogen HDL high-density lipoprotein HEN high-efficiency nebulizer HMT hexamethylenetetramine HOG 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate HOGA1 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase Ht hematocrit HTLC high temperature liquid chromatography IAAO indirect amino acid oxidation IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICP-MS inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ICW intracellular water IFRS infrared spectroscopy IRMS isotope ratio mass spectrometry IUGR intrauterine growth restriction k retention factor (chromatography term used in GC and in LC) KIC alpha-ketoisocaproic acid KIE kinetic isotope effect kV kilovolt LA linoleic acid LC liquid chromatography LCFA long-chain fatty acids LC-IRMS liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry LDH lactate dehydrogenase LDL low-density lipoprotein LOD limit of detection LOQ limit of quantitation LPS lipopolysaccharide LSC liquid scintillation counter m/z mass-to-charge ratio MCAD medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase min minute MPE molar percent excess MS mass spectrometry MTX methotrexate mV millivolt MW molecular weight N chromatographic efficiency n number of theoretical plates NAP N-acetyl propylethyl ester NB net balance NDIRS nondispersive infrared spectroscopy NEFA nonesterifed fatty acids Ni nickel NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit NMR nuclear magnetic...

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