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Seeing is believing - but in science, observation often goes beyond the limits of the human eye. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), for example, reveals the hidden colors of chemical elements, changing the way we perceive nature. This versatile tool is widely used in fields ranging from industrial quality control to environmental analysis, and it plays a critical role in disciplines as diverse as geochemistry, forensics, biology, archaeology, and the study of art and cultural heritage.
This book explores advances in X-ray color imaging, which captures images of chemical elements in the X-ray wavelength range, allowing scientists to observe the true complexity of nature. There are two imaging techniques: scanning and projection. While the former is an extension of conventional energy-dispersive XRF technologies, the latter - a breakthrough development - uses 2D semiconductor detectors, enabling real-time "snapshot" and "movie" imaging for the first time. The author delves into the technology and requirements behind this innovation, demonstrating how projection-type X-ray color imaging can now track dynamic systems and chemical reactions in real time, promising transformative applications in various scientific fields.
Kenji Sakurai is an honorary researcher at the National Institute for Materials Science and a professor emeritus at the University of Tsukuba after his retirement in March 2020. Currently he maintains a private laboratory, the Imaging Physics Laboratory, in Tokai, Ibaraki, near the nuclear reactor and large accelerator facility. His research interests include the development of new frontier analytical imaging methods and instrumentation using x-rays and neutrons (especially those used to solve problems related to surfaces and interfaces), as well as research on non-crystalline solids and some inorganic crystals. X-ray color imaging is one of the innovative works.
Wenyang Zhao, born in 1993, received the degree of Doctor of Engineering in 2020 at Kenji Sakurai's lab at the University of Tsukuba. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Japan. His research interests are in utilizing the power of high-performance computation to interpret experimental imaging data.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author biographies
1 The colors of the chemical elements
2 What does color X-ray imaging look like?
3 Methods and instruments for color x-ray imaging
4 Advanced imaging
5 New opportunities in color x-ray imaging
Appendix A: The x-ray periodic table
Appendix B: X-ray radiation safety
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