Chapter 1: Robotics

The study of robotics draws from a variety of fields, including computer science and engineering. The study of robots' design, building, operation, and applications is known as robotics. The objective of robotics is to create devices that can be of service to and aid human beings. Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that brings together a variety of disciplines, including but not limited to mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information engineering, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computer engineering, control engineering, software engineering, and mathematics.

Robotics is the study and development of robots designed to do tasks traditionally performed by people. There are a variety of contexts in which robots can be utilized for a variety of reasons; however, in today's world, the majority of robots are utilized in hazardous environments (such as the inspection of radioactive materials and the detection and deactivation of bombs), manufacturing processes, or places where humans cannot survive (e.g. in space, underwater, in high heat, and clean up and containment of hazardous materials and radiation). Robots are capable of taking on any shape imaginable; nevertheless, some are designed to have a human-like look. It is hoped that this would aid in the acceptability of robots in certain replicative activities that are typically carried out by humans. These robots make an effort to imitate human activities such as walking, lifting, talking, cognition, and any other human behavior. A significant number of today's robots get their motivation from natural phenomena, which helps to advance the subject of bio-inspired robotics.

The operation of certain robots is dependent on input from the operator, whereas other robots can carry out their tasks independently. Even though the idea of building robots that are capable of operating on their own has been around since ancient times, the 20th century was the first time that there was a significant increase in study into the capabilities of robots as well as their prospective applications. Throughout the course of history, several researchers, inventors, engineers, and technicians have repeatedly made the assumption that robots would one day be able to behave similarly to humans and do activities in a manner that is analogous to how humans would. Research, design, and construction of new robots serve a variety of practical objectives, whether domestically, economically, or militarily. Robotics is a discipline that is expanding at a fast rate today as a result of continuing technological advancements. Exploring mines and shipwrecks, defusing explosives, searching for survivors in unstable ruins, and locating survivors in unstable ruins are all examples of occupations that humans should not be doing but that robots are meant to undertake. As a teaching tool, robotics may also be used in the STEM fields of study (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).

The term robot was the origin of the field of study known as robotics.

which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play R.U.R.

(Rossum's Universal Robots), (Rossum's Universal Robots), This was released to the public in 1920.

where he first presented the idea that would later become known as "The Three Laws of Robotics."

However, The first edition of "Liar!" was released ten months earlier than "Runaround," when it was first published.

Therefore, the first explanation is the one that is most often used.

Norbert Wiener proposed the ideas of cybernetics in the year 1948. These principles are the foundation of practical robotics.

It wasn't until the second half of the 20th century that fully autonomous robots made their debut. In 1961, the Unimate, which was the first robot to be digitally commanded and programmable, was put in a die casting process to remove hot pieces of metal from the machine and stack them. Commercial and industrial robots are commonplace in today's world and are utilized to carry out tasks at a lower cost, with more accuracy, and with greater dependability than people. In addition, they are used in occupations that are either too filthy, too hazardous, or too boring for people to do well. Robots have widespread use in a variety of fields, including but not limited to: mining, transportation, earth and space exploration, manufacturing, assembly, and packing and packaging

Robots come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and their applications and settings are just as varied as the tasks they do. Despite the fact that they are highly different from one another in terms of their applications and forms, they are all built using the same three fundamental components:

Every kind of robot has some sort of mechanized structure, such as a frame, form, or shape developed specifically for the purpose of performing a certain function. For instance, caterpillar tracks may be used on a robot that was built to go through terrain with a lot of muck or mud. The mechanical component is mostly the creator's answer to fulfilling the job that was given to them and coping with the physics of the world that they are in. Function dictates form in this case.

Electrical components in robots provide electricity to the gear and govern how it is used. For instance, the robot that moves on caterpillar tracks would need some type of electricity in order to make the tracker treads move. This power is delivered in the form of electricity, which in order to function properly must go via a wire and be derived from a battery, which together make up a fundamental electrical circuit. Even devices that get the majority of their power from gasoline still need an electric current to kickstart the combustion process. This is the reason why the majority of gasoline-powered equipment, such as automobiles, use batteries. Electrical components of robots are used for motion (through motors), sensing (where electrical impulses are used to monitor things like heat, sound, location, and energy status), and operation. Motors are the mechanical components that allow robots to move (robots need some level of electrical energy supplied to their motors and sensors in order to activate and perform basic operations)

Each and every robot incorporates some degree of programmable computer code. A robot will use its software to determine when and how it will carry out a task. In the case of the caterpillar track, a robot that has to travel over a muddy road may have the appropriate mechanical structure and get the appropriate quantity of power from its battery, but it would not go anywhere unless it was instructed to move by a software. It is possible for a robot to have outstanding mechanical and electrical design, but if its program is improperly created, the robot's performance would be extremely poor. Programs are the fundamental component of a robot (or it may not perform at all). Robotic programs may be divided into three categories: remote control, artificial intelligence, and hybrid. A robot that is programmed to operate by remote control has a predetermined list of orders that it will only carry out if and when it gets a signal from a control source, which is often a person operating the robot via a remote control device. It is possible that the field of automation, and not robotics, is the more suitable one to apply the term "robotics" to equipment that are controlled largely by human orders. Robots that employ artificial intelligence are able to interact with their surroundings on their own, without the need for an external control source. These robots may also use the programming they already have to decide how to respond to the items and challenges they come across. The term "hybrid" refers to a style of computer programming that includes elements of both artificial intelligence and remote control.

This type of categorization is becoming more important since there are becoming more robots that are built for certain jobs. For instance, the majority of robots on the market today are intended for assembly tasks, which may make them difficult to modify for use in different contexts. "Assembly robots" is the name given to these machines. For seam welding, some providers offer entire welding systems that include the robot, also known as the welding equipment, as well as additional material handling facilities such as turntables, etc. as an integrated unit. This allows for seam welding to be performed. This kind of integrated robotic system is referred to as a "welding robot," despite the fact that the individual manipulator unit inside it may be programmed to do a wide range of jobs. The term "heavy-duty robot" refers to the category of machines that were developed expressly for the purpose of moving and manipulating large objects.

The following are examples of current and proposed applications:

Robots used in the military.

Robots used in industry. Manufacturing companies are increasingly turning to the usage of robots (since the 1960s). According to the statistics compiled by the Robotic Industries Association of the United States in 2016, the automobile sector represented 52 percent of the overall sales of industrial robots. This made it the industry's primary consumer.

The Cobots (collaborative robots).

Robots used in construction. Traditional robots, robotic arms, and exoskeleton-like exoskeletons are the three categories into which construction robots may be categorized.

Agricultural robots (AgRobots).

Several distinct kinds of medical robots (such as da Vinci Surgical System and Hospi).

Kitchen automation. The restaurants Flippy (burgers), Zume Pizza (pizza), Cafe X (coffee), Makr Shakr (cocktails), Frobot (frozen yogurts), and Sally are all instances of commercial...