Chapter 1: Automotive engineering
In addition to aerospace engineering and naval architecture, automotive engineering is a subfield of vehicle engineering that incorporates aspects of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering. These subfields are applied to the design, manufacturing, and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, and trucks, as well as their respective engineering subsystems. Moreover, it encompasses the modification of automobiles. It is also included in the manufacturing domain, which deals with the production of autos and with the assembly of their components in their whole. A significant amount of research is conducted in the subject of automotive engineering, and the field also requires the direct application of mathematical models and formulas. Automotive engineering is the study of designing, developing, fabricating, and testing vehicles or vehicle components from the concept stage all the way to the production stage when it comes to automobiles. Manufacturing, product development, and production are the three primary functions that are performed in this industry.
Manufacturing, designing, mechanical mechanisms, and operations of automobiles are all topics that are covered in the field of automobile engineering, which is a subfield of engineering [citation needed].
[Citation needed] This is an introduction to vehicle engineering, which is concerned with automobiles, motorbikes, buses, trucks, and other types of vehicles. The study of mechanical, electronic, software, and safety components are all included in this discipline of study.
The following is a list of engineering characteristics and discipline areas that are considered to be of significance to the automotive engineer:
Engineering for safety: Safety engineering is the process of analyzing different collision situations and determining how they will affect the people who are within the vehicle. The government's regulations are extremely strict, and these are tested against them. Testing the functionality of the seat belt and air bag, testing for front and side impact, and testing for rollover resistance are some of the standards that must be met. There are many different approaches and instruments that are utilized in the process of evaluations. These include computer crash simulation (usually finite element analysis), crash-test dummies, partial system sled accidents, and whole vehicle crashes.
The fuel economy of a vehicle is the fuel efficiency that is measured in miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Emissions are the emissions that are produced by the vehicle. The measuring of emissions from vehicles, such as hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and evaporative emissions, is included in the scope of emissions testing.
Noise, vibration, and harshness engineering (NVH): NVH is a form of engineering that makes use of client feedback (both audible and tactile) regarding a vehicle. In contrast to the fact that sound can be interpreted as a rattle, screech, or heat, a tactile response can be a vibration in the seat or a buzz in the steering wheel. Components that are rubbing against one another, vibrating, or rotating are the ones that create this feedback. There are a few different ways that NVH response can be categorised, including powertrain NVH, road noise, wind noise, component noise, and squeak and rattle respectively. Take note that there are both positive and negative aspects of NVH. An effort is made by the NVH engineer to either get rid of the undesirable NVH or to transform the "bad NVH" into the desirable (i.e., exhaust tones).
Electronics for vehicles: The field of automotive electronics is becoming an increasingly significant component of automotive engineering. A multitude of electronic technologies are utilized in contemporary automobiles. These systems are accountable for operating controls like the throttle, brake, and steering controls, in addition to a multitude of comfort and convenience systems like the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), information and entertainment (I/O), and lighting systems. Without electronic controls, it would be impossible for automobiles to achieve the advanced safety and fuel-economy standards that are becoming increasingly prevalent.
The term "performance" refers to a quantitative and testable value that represents the capacity of a vehicle to perform efficiently in a variety of environments. There are many different activities that can be considered when evaluating performance, but in general, it takes into account how quickly a car can accelerate (for example, standing start 1/4 mile elapsed time, 0-60 mph, etc.), its top speed, how quickly and how quickly a car can come to a complete stop from a set speed (for example, 70 mph), how much g-force a car can generate without losing grip, recorded lap times, cornering speed, brake fade, and other similar factors. Moreover, performance might be a reflection of the degree of control in adverse weather conditions (such as snow, ice, and rain).
The driver's perception of the car in relation to an automatic transmission shift event is referred to as the shift quality. The powertrain, which includes the internal combustion engine and the transmission, as well as the vehicle, which includes the driveline, suspension, engine and powertrain mounts, and other components, all have a role in this. In addition to being a tactile (felt) response, shift feel is also an aural (heard) response of the vehicle. Different events might be experienced in terms of shift quality. Transmission shifts can be felt as an upshift when the vehicle is accelerating (1-2) or as a downshift maneuver when the vehicle is passing (4-2). There is also an evaluation of the vehicle's shift engagements, such as when it goes from Park to Reverse, etc.
Engineering of durability and corrosion durability and corrosion engineering refer to the process of evaluating and testing a vehicle to determine how long it will be usable. Mileage accumulated, extreme driving conditions, and salt baths that are corrosive are all part of the testing process.
The ability of a vehicle to respond to general driving situations is referred to as its "drivability capacity." The overall drivability of any specific vehicle is determined by a number of factors, including cold starts and stalls, RPM dips, idle response, launch hesitations and stumbles, and performance levels.
It is common practice to divide the cost of a vehicle program into three categories: the impact on the variable cost of the vehicle, the initial tooling and fixed expenses connected with developing the vehicle, and the overall cost of the program. In addition, there are expenses connected with the lowering of warranties and marketing as well.
The timing of the program: To a certain extent, the program is timed in relation to the market, as well as to the production schedules of assembly plants. The timeline for the development and manufacture of the model must be supported by any new component that is added to the design.
The feasibility of assembly: It is simple to design a module that is difficult to assemble, which can either result in broken units or poor tolerances at the assembly stage. The competent product-development engineer collaborates with the assembly and production engineers to ensure that the final design is not only straightforward and inexpensive to produce and assemble, but also provides the desired functionality and look.
Management of quality: Quality control is an essential component of the production process. This is because a high level of quality is required to fulfill the requirements of the customers and to prevent costly recall campaigns. Due to the complexity of the components that are engaged in the production process, it is necessary to use a variety of tools and methods in order to provide quality control. Consequently, the International Automotive Task Force (IATF), which is comprised of the most prominent manufacturers and trade organizations in the world, was responsible for the development of the standard ISO/TS 16949. It is the responsibility of this standard to describe the requirements for design, development, manufacture, and (where applicable) installation and service. Furthermore, it incorporates features of a number of regional and national automotive standards, including AVSQ (Italy), EAQF (France), VDA6 (Germany), and QS-9000 (United States of America), in addition to the concepts of ISO 9001 for quality management. The use of the quality discipline known as functional safety in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 is done in order to further reduce the risks that are associated with product failures and liability claims for automotive electric and electronic systems.
Total quality management (TQM), a holistic business approach, has been in operation since the 1950s with the purpose of continuously improving the production process of automotive goods and components. Companies such as Ford Motor Company, Motorola, and Toyota Motor Company are examples of businesses that have adopted Total Quality Management (TQM).a citation is required.
It is the role of a development engineer to coordinate the supply of the engineering characteristics of a full automotive (bus, car, truck, van, SUV, motorbike, etc.) in accordance with the requirements imposed by the manufacturer of the automobile, the specifications of the government, and the requirements of the consumer who purchases the product.
As is the case with the Systems engineer, the development engineer is concerned with the interactions that occur between all of the systems that make up the entire vehicular system. Despite the fact that a car contains a...
